Head and Neck Week 2-mastication, nose, mouth, pharynx and larynx Flashcards
(156 cards)
1
Q
coughing is only possible when …
A
the larynx can close effectively
2
Q
where does the pharynx start and end
A
base of the skull
oesophagus
3
Q
hat vertebral level does trachea and oesophagus begin
A
C6
4
Q
what part of the ethmoid bone contributes to the nasal cavity
A
cribiform plate
5
Q
what part of the ethmoid bone contributes to the nasal cavity
A
cribiform plate
6
Q
what bones form the roof of the nose x4
A
nasal bones, frontal bone, ethmoid and sphenoid
7
Q
what forms the floor of the nose x2
A
palatine processes of the maxillae and palatine bones- make hard palate
8
Q
what bones form the septum x2
A
vomer below
perpendicular plate of ethmoid above
9
Q
ethmoid bone: what passes through the cribriform plate
A
olfactory nerve fibres
10
Q
ethmoid bone: what attaches to the crista galli
A
falx cerebri- sheet of dura mater that separates the brains hemispheres
11
Q
what epithelium forms the respiratory mucosa lining the nasal cavity
A
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
12
Q
what is the roof of the nasal cavity lined by
A
olfactory musocsa
13
Q
what cranial nerve innervates olfactory mucosa
and what else does it do
A
olfactory nerve - CNI
sense of smell
14
Q
what is the space behind nasal conchae called
A
meatus
15
Q
name of space above superior concha
A
spehnoethmoidal recess
16
Q
what bone are the sup and middle concha a part of
A
ethmoid
17
Q
what artery branches supply the nose
what veins supplies the nose
A
ophthalmic- from ICA
ECA
venous plexus
18
Q
what does the spheno-ethmoid recess open into
A
sphenoidal sinus
19
Q
what does the superior meatus open into
A
posterior ethmoid cells
20
Q
what does the middle meatus open into x4
A
maxillary sinus
frontal sinus
anterior ethmoid air cells
middle ethmoid air cells
21
Q
what does he inferior meatus open into
A
nasolacrimal duct
22
Q
what sinus does not drain well and is indented by tooth sockets
A
maxillary
23
Q
what nerve innervates sinuses overall
A
trigeminal CN V
24
Q
what branch of CN V innervates: frontal sinus
A
supraorbital V1
25
what branch of CN V innervates: maxillary sinus
infraorbital and maxillary V2
26
what branch of CN V innervates: sphenoid air sinus
posterior ethmoidal nerve V1+2
27
what branch of CN V innervates: ethmoidal air cells
ethmoidal branches of nasocilliary nerve V1
28
which bones form the roof of the nasopharynx
body of sphenoid
basilar part of occipital
29
2 important structures in nasopharynx
adenoids
orifice of auditory or eustachian tubes
30
posterior lip of eustachian tube is prominent due to what muscle
salpinopharyngeous
31
what type of joint is the TMJ
synovial hinge
32
2 articular processes that form the TMJ
mandibular fossa of temporal bone
condylar process of mandible
33
what movements occur at the TMJ x5
1.open
2. close
3. protusion
4. retrusion
5. side to side
34
4 muscles of mastication
temporalis
masseter
lateral + medial pterygoid
35
2 bony attachments of temporalis
temporal fossa
coronoid process of mandible
36
anterior vs posterior temporalis fibre direction
and action
ant- vertical
post- horizontal
ant-elevate mandible
post- retract mandible
37
2 bony attachments of massater
maxillary process of zygomatic bone and arch
outer surface of ramus and angle of mandible
38
action of masseter
close mouth
39
what surface does the lateral and medial pterygoid muscles attatch
and on what plate
lateral-lateral surface
medial-medial surface
of the LATERAL pterygoid plate
40
how does the lateral/medial pterygoid muscle attach to the mandible
lateral- into TMJ to the neck of mandible and articulate disk of joint
medial- medial surface of ramus and angle of mandible
41
action of pterygoids:
1. 2 laterals
2. lateral and medial of same side contract
3. 2 medials contracts
1. protraction of mandible and depress chin
2. medially rotate mandible swings to other side
3. elevate and protrude mandible
42
what depresses the mandible x2
suprahyoid muscles
gravity
43
mandible movement summary: what muscles elevate x3
1. masseter
2. temporalis
3. medial pterygoid
44
mandible movement summary: what muscle protrudes
massater
45
mandible movement summary: what muscle retract
temporalis
46
mandible movement summary: what muscle moves side to side
lateral pterygoid
47
what division of trigeminal is the only one to carry both sensory and motor
mandibular V3
48
what innervates muscles of mastication
mandibular trigeminal CN5 V3
49
what foramen does CN 5 come out of
ovale foramen
50
where are the motor muscles of mastication found
infratemporal fossa
51
what nerve provides sensory stimulation for mandibular area
what is it a branch of
where does it enter
mental
trigeminal
mandibular fossa
52
what innervates the buccinator
where does the buccinator lie
facial
lateral walls of oral cavity
53
what muscle contracts to close lips
orbicularis oris
54
name for the poterior opening of the oral cavity
oropharyngeal isthmus
55
Which two bones form the hard palate?
maxilla
palatine bone
56
name for muscle of uvula
musculus uvulae
57
5 muscles of soft palate
1 palatoglossus
2 palatopharyngeus
3 tensor veli palatini
4 musculus uvulae
5 levator veli palatini muscles
58
59
general sesnosry supply to soft palate
maxillary and glossopharyngeal nerve
60
special sensory innervation of soft palate
facial
61
motor/mucous innervation to soft palate
glossopharyngeal
62
what do the muscles of the soft palate do
elevate it to close pharyngeal isthmus from food
63
what 2 muscles do the tonsils sit in
palatoglossus and
palatopharyngeus muscles
64
what devides the 2 parts of the toung
sulcus terminalis
65
where are papillae found
anterior 1/3 of the dorsal surface of the tongue
66
where are papillae found
anterior 1/3 of the dorsal surface of the tongue
67
3 types of papillae
1. Filiform
2. Fungiform
3. vallate
68
where are taste buds not found
on filiform papillae
69
general sensory to ant and post tongue
ant 2/3- mandibular V3 of trigeminal
post 1/3- glossopharyngeal CN IX
70
intrinsic vs extrinsic tongue muscles
1. Intrinsic muscles that originate and insert within the tongue
2. Extrinsic muscles that attach from the tongue to surrounding bones or soft palate
71
where are intrinsic muscle of tongue found
core
72
what do intrinsic muscles of tongue do
elongating and retracting
elevating and lowering the apex of tongue broadening and narrowing the surface of the tongue
73
what do extrinsic muscles fibres of the tongue do
change position
74
palatoglossus action
narrow pharynx
75
styloglossus action
retract and elevate mandible
76
hyoglossus action
depress and retract tongue
77
genioglossus action
protude tongue to opposite side
78
4 extrinsic muscles of tongue and their attachments
genioglossus- inner surface of mandible
hyoglossus- greater horn of hyoid
styloglossus- styloid process
palatoglossus- soft palate
think of usual attachments for name
79
what innervates both ext and int muscles of tongue
and exception
hypoglossal CN XIII
glossal- tongue
palatoglossus- pharyngeal plexus from vagus
80
What are the two parts of the submandibular gland?
what muscle seperates it
superficial and deep lobe
mylohyoid
81
what artery grooves the under surface of the submandibular salivary gland?
facial
82
what muscles can the submandibular be found between
myloyoi
hyoglossus
83
parasympathetic innervation of 3 salivary glands
parotid- Glossopharyngeal nerve
Submandibular salivary gland- chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve
sublingual- chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve
84
what makes the adams apple
thyroid cartilage
85
paired cartilage in larynx
complete ring cartilage
arytenoid
cricoid
86
4 structures that form the laryngeal inlet
1 epiglottic cartilage
2 aryepiglottic fold
3 Arytenoid cartilage
4 corniculate`
87
What is the sensory nerve supply to the mucous membrane of the larynx?
inferior laryngeal
88
3 layers of the pharynx
1.outer muscular
2.middle fibrous
3.inner mucous
89
what is the outer muscular layer of pharynx made of
outer circular
inner longitudinal
90
what makes up the outer circular layer in pharynx
three constrictor: superior, middle and inferior muscles.
plant pots
91
what makes up the inner longitudinal layer of pharynx muscle x3
i. Stylophryngeas
ii. Salpingopharyngeus
iii. Palatopharyngeus
92
where does the pharynx get innervation from
and what makes it up x2
and what does each do
pharyngeal plexus
vagus + glossopharyngeal
vagus- motor
glossopharyngeal- sensory
93
what do the longitudinal muscles of larynx do during swallowing
shorten and widen pharynx and elevate oesophagus
94
what is waldeyers ring
a collection of lymphoid tissue that protects the entrance to the oropharynx.
95
what is in waldeyers ring
- 2x pharyngeal tonsils- adenoids
- 2x Palatine tonsils
- Tubal tonsil
- Linguinal tonsils
96
what are the 3 blue things
what bone are they a part of
dark blue = superior concha
midle = middle concha
light = inferior concha
sup and mid = ethmoid bone
inferior = an indapendent bone
97
what are the 3 orange/ yelow things
dark orange = nasal bone
middle orange = lacrimal bone
yellow = cribiform plate of ethmoid
98
whats the red thing
Medial pterygoid plate of
sphenoid bone
99
whats the brown bit
lat process pf septal cartilage
100
whats the purple bit
maxilla
101
whats the grey bit
Perpendicular plate of
palentine bone
102
what are the 3 blue things
dark = sup concha
middle = middle concha
inf = inferior concah
103
what are the 3 things on the left
yellow = superior concha
blue = middle concha
pink = inferior concha
104
what are the 3 things on the right
blue = superior meatus
purple = middle meatus
red = inferior meatus
105
name the green thing
what passes trough it
mental foramen
mental nerve- branch of mandibular
106
what are the red and blue things
red = condyloid process
blue = coronoid process
condyloid as round
107
what are the grey and brown parts
grey = angle of mandible
brown = mental protuberance
108
name the 3 boxes
purple = palatoglossal arch
glossal as further forward- nearer tongue
grey = palatine tonsils
blue = palatopharyngeal arch
109
name the 4 boxes
purple = palatine tonsils
red = circumvallate papillae
blue = linguinal tonsil
brown = eppiglottis
110
whats the blue but
deep linguinal vein
111
whats the yellow bit
frenelum
112
whats the purple bit
submandibular ducts
113
whats the pink muscle
palatoglossus- on soft palate
114
the blue muscle
styloglossus
115
whats the purple muscle
genioglossus
116
the orangemuscle
hyloglossus
117
whats te yellow thing
epiglottis
118
whats the blue thing
arytenoid cartilage
119
whats the red thing
cricoid cartilage
120
what are the 2 membranes on the left
green = thyrohyoid membrane
red = cricothyroid membrane
121
what are the 2 cartilages on the right
orange = thyroid
blue = cricoid
122
whats in the 3 boxes
green = thyroid cartilage
red = cricoid cartilge
blue = vocal chords
123
identify the 3 boxes
pink = vestibular folds
light blue = laryngeal ventrical
dark blue = vocal folds
124
name the 3 red muscles
what layer are they a part of
superior
middle
inferior
CONSTRICOTRS
outer circular
125
whats the blue muscle
buccinator
126
whats the green muscle
mylohyoid
127
whats the grey thing
thyroid membrane
128
whats the orange thing
cricothyroid
129
name all the features in waldeyers ring
orange = adenoid
blue = tubal tonsil
pink = palatine tonsil
purple = linguinal tonsil
130
whats this
valeccula
131
whats the orange muscle
vocalis
132
what are all the blue boxes pointing to
true vocal chords
133
what are all the red boxes pointing to
false vocal chords
134
whats the only muscle that opens the mouth
lateral pterygoid
135
what drains into the different meatuses of the nose
superior = post ethmoid air cells
middle =
ant and middle ethmoid air cells
maxillary
frontal air cells
inferior = nasolacrimal duct
136
what are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue
muscles that start and end in the actual tongue itself:
Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
Transverse muscles
Vertical muscles
NOTE: if an exam points to this area, the answer should be intrinsic muscles
137
name the 2 green and the purple muscles
dark green = tensor veli palitini
ligh green = levator veli palitini
purple = palatopharyngeus
138
name the 3 red muscles
red = superior constrictor
magenta = middle constrictor
pink = inferior constrictor
139
whats the pink muscle
palatoglossus
140
At what vertebral level does the larynx continue as the trachea
C6
141
Which of the following is an unpaired bone that forms part of the skeleton of the nose?
Select one:
a. nasal
b. Sphenoid
c. mandible
d. Ethmoid
d. Ethmoid
142
what does the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid forms part of
nasal septum
143
whats the green bone
ethmoid
144
whats the yellow bone
palatine
145
whats A
ethmoidal air cell
146
identify A and B
A = ethmoid air cell
B = sphenoid air cell
147
what type of cartilage is found in the TMJ
fibrocartilage
148
what tooth is this
premolar 1
149
Which muscle causes protraction of the jaw?
lateral pterygoid
150
what passes through the red foramen
Inferior alveolar nerve
151
Name the muscle that attaches to the inner surface of area A in the image below
medial pterygoid
152
identify A
maxilla
153
what nerve is affected
right hypoglossal
154
identify A
lateral pterygoid
more on it's side- more lateral
155
identify A, B and C
A = trigeminal nerve ganglion
B = lingual nerve
C = inf alveolar
156
whats A
what lies between A and B
palatoglossus- notice how it goes from tongue to soft palate
palatine tonsil
