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Yr 2 Anatomy > GI Week 2 Workbook + quiz > Flashcards

GI Week 2 Workbook + quiz Flashcards

1
Q

3 constrictions of oesophagus

A

cervical
thoracic
diaphragmatic

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2
Q

What structures pass through the diaphragm at the oesophageal
opening? x5

A
  1. Oesophagus
  2. Oesophageal branches of left gastric artery and vein
  3. Left and right vagus nerves
  4. Lymphatics
  5. Phreno oesophageal ligament
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3
Q

blood supply to abdominal oesophagus x2

A

oesophageal branches of left gastric artery from celiac artery
branches of left inferior phrenic artery

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4
Q

venous drainage to abdominal oesophagus x2

A

-drains into plexuses to the left gastric vein and abdominal azygous

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5
Q

lymph drainage of abdominal oesophagus

A

celiac nodes

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6
Q

what forma pyloric sphincter

A

thickening of circular smooth muscle in muscularis externa

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7
Q

What layers are the gastric folds/rugae formed from?

A

mucosa and submucosa layers

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8
Q

What are the 4 main veins draining the stomach?

A
  1. Left gastric- hepatic portal vein.
  2. Right gastric- hepatic portal vein.
  3. Left gastro-omental- splenic vein then to the hepatic portal
    vein.
  4. Right gastro-omental- superior mesenteric vein then to the
    hepatic portal vein.
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9
Q

where dp nodes of stomach drain to

A

celiac nodes

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10
Q

nerve supply to stomach

A

parasympathetic- vagus
sympathetic- celiac plexus (T6-T9) via the greater splanchnic nerves

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11
Q

what else does vagus do in stomach

A

carry sensations of pain, fullness, and nausea

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12
Q

How many parts does the duodenum have?

A

4

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13
Q

What organ sits within the C shape of the duodenum?

A

pancreas

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14
Q

name for opening in the duodenum where pancreatic and bile fluids enter the
gut tube

what controls it

A

major papilla of vater

sphincter of oddi

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15
Q

what 2 structures come together at major papilla of vater

A

pancreatic duct
common bile duct

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16
Q

jejunum vs ileum
thickness
colour
fat
lymph
vasa recta length

A

jejunum:
thicker
red
less
less
long

ileum:
thinner
pink
more
more- payers patches
short

in general jejunum is bigger and thicker but has t exceptions seen above

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17
Q

Which major blood vessel supplies the jejunum and ileum?

A

Superior mesenteric

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18
Q

Where do the veins surrounding the jejunum and ileum drain to?

A

Superior mesenteric

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19
Q

Which set of lymph nodes does lymph drain to from here?

A

Superior mesenteric to pre aortic

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20
Q

3 features of large intestine

A

tenia coli- bands of longitudinal smooth muscle on the colon
omental appendages- fatty pouches
haustra- bulges

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21
Q

What two structures open into the caecum?

A

ileum
appendix

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22
Q

What is McBurney’s point

A

Site of max tenderness during acute apendicitis

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23
Q

arterial supply of ascending colon x2

A

Ileocolic
right colic arteries

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24
Q

venous supply of ascending colon x2

A

iliocolic
right colic veins

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25
Q

arterial supply of transverse colon x3

A

right, left and middle colic

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26
Q

venous supply of transverse colon x2

A

superior mesenteric
middle colic

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27
Q

arterial supply of descending colon x2

A

left colic
sigmoid arteries

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28
Q

venous drainage of descending colon x1

A

inferior mesenteric

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29
Q

arterial supply of sigmoid colon x1

A

sigmoid artery

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30
Q

venous supply of sigmoid colon

A

inferior mesenteric

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31
Q

blood and lymph supply of rectum: superior 1/3
and peritonisation

A

rectal artery

rectal vein

pararectal lymph
node

intra

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32
Q

blood and lymph supply of rectum: middle 1/3
and peritonisation

A

middle rectal artery

systemic internal ileac vein

internal iliac lymph

retro

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33
Q

blood and lymph supply of rectum: inferior 1/3
and peritonisation

A

inferior rectal artery

systemic internal iliac vein

internal iliac nodes

extra

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34
Q

What is the role of the pelvic floor in maintaining faecal continence?

A

Muscles allow controlled emptying

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35
Q

What other structures are involved in faecal continence? x3

A

internal anal sphincter
external anal sphincter
rectal ampulla

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36
Q

What is the pectinate line?

A

the junction between endoderm and ectoderm
- cone shaped limit of anal values

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37
Q

Name the four lobes of the liver:

A
  1. Left
  2. right
  3. quadrate
  4. caudate
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38
Q

Which lobes of the liver cannot be seen from the front?

A

caudate and quadrate

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39
Q

The liver is encapsulated with a…..

A

fibrous layer
known as a capsule.

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40
Q

The fibrous layer is innervated by…

A

lower intercostal nerves

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41
Q

What is meant by the term ‘bare area’ of the liver?

A

No peritoneal- direct contact with diaphragm

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42
Q

What is the porta hepatis?

A

deep fissure in the visceral surface of the liver through which all
the neurovascular structures (except hepatic veins) and also hepatic ducts enter or leave

43
Q

5 structures present in the porta hepatis:

A
  1. Portal vein
  2. Right and left hepatic artery
    3.hepatic nerve plexus
  3. Right and left hepatic duct
  4. lymph
44
Q

What structures are in the portal triad?

A
  1. hepatic artery
  2. common bile duct
  3. portal vein
45
Q

Where does the central vein drain to?

A

hepatic vein

46
Q

The extrahepatic biliary apparatus consists of x5

A
  1. R +L hepatic duct
  2. common bile duct
  3. Common hepatic duct
  4. Gall bladder
  5. Cystic duct
47
Q

Where is bile produced?

A

liver

48
Q

Where is bile stored?

A

gallbladder

49
Q

Where does bile enter the gut tube?

A

Through the common bile duct into the ascending duodenum at the sphincter of Odd

50
Q

what is Calot’s triangle made of
and contain

A

cystic duct,
common hepatic duct
inferior surface of liver

contains cystic artery.

51
Q

what actually makes up the ampulla of vater

A

pancreatic duct and biliary system

52
Q

Which vein is formed posterior to the neck of the pancreas?

A

Hepatic portal

53
Q

Into which part of the duodenum does the pancreatic duct open?

A

descending

54
Q

blood supply to pancreas

A

Arterial supply: coeliac trunk and the superior mesenteric artery.
Venous drainage: drain into the splenic or superior mesenteric veins (into the portal system)

55
Q

nerve supply to pancreas x2

A

coeliac plexus
and the superior mesenteric plexus.

56
Q

lymph drainage to pancreas x2

A

pre-aortic nodes at T12
and to Pre-aortic nodes at L1.

57
Q

In which region of the abdominal cavity is the spleen located?

A

Left hypochondriac

58
Q

Name the structures in the hilum of spleen:

A
  1. Splenic artery
  2. Splenic vein
    3.spleenic lymph
59
Q

Functions of the spleen x4:

A
  1. Storage of RBC’s
  2. recycle RBC
  3. immunity- phagocyte proliferation
  4. Phagocytosis
60
Q

coeliac trunk: whats the red artery

A

coeliac trunk

61
Q

coeliac trunk: whats the blue artery
what does it supply

A

left gastric
stomach

62
Q

coeliac trunk: whats the green artery
what does it supply

A

splenic
stomach, pancreas, and spleen.

63
Q

coeliac trunk: whats the yellow artery

A

common hepatic

liver

64
Q

SMA: whats the red artery

A

superior mesenteric

65
Q

SMA: whats the blue artery

what does it supply

A

jejunal arteries and ileam

66
Q

SMA: whats the yellow artery

what does it supply

A

iliocolic

ascending colon, appendix, cecum, and ileum

67
Q

SMA: whats the green artery

what does it supply

A

right colic

ascending colon

68
Q

SMA: whats the purple artery

what does it supply

A

middle colic

2/3 transverse colon

69
Q

IMA: whats the grey anastamose

A

marginal artery- combining SMA and IMA

70
Q

IMA: whats the dark green artery

what does it supply

A

left colic

last 1/3 of transverse colon
all of descending colon

71
Q

IMA: whats the light green artery

what does it supply

A

sigmoid artery

descending and sigmoid colon

72
Q

IMA: whats the blue artery

A

superior rectal

73
Q

where does venous drainage go in the gut

A

to hepatic portal vein to liver

then eventually IVC

74
Q

whats the purple vein

A

hepatic veins

75
Q

whats the dark and light red veins

A

dark = left renal vein
light = right renal vein

76
Q

hepatic vs hepatic portal vein

A

hepatic portal carries nutrient rich blood TO the liver for filtering

hepatic carries filtered blood AWAY from liver to IVC

77
Q

identify:
a) orange
b) purple
c) light blue
lables

A

a) hepatic artery
b) hepatic portal vein- to LIVER
c) hepatic vein- to IVC

78
Q

whats the blue vein

A

left common iliac

79
Q

whats the dark and lightblue artery

A

dark = right gastro epiploic
light = left gastro epiploic

80
Q

whats the dark blue lobe

A

caudate

81
Q

whats the grey bit

A

bare area

82
Q

whats the green thing

A

gall bladder

83
Q

whats the light blue bit

A

quadrate lobe

84
Q

whats the red bit

A

porta hepatis

85
Q

whats the dark and light purple lobes

A

dark = right lobe
light = left lobe

86
Q

whats the light and dark blue bits

A

light = falciform ligament

dark = =round ligament

87
Q

whats the red and blue bits

A

red = right hepatic duct
blue = left hepatic duct

88
Q

whats the purple bit

A

common hepatic duct

89
Q

whats the dark green bit

A

cystic duct

90
Q

whats the light green bit

A

common bile duct

91
Q

what are the dark and light purple bits

A

dark= main pancreatic duct
light = accesory pancreatic duct

92
Q

whats B

A

IVC

93
Q

What veins join to form vein C

A

superior mesenteric and splenic veins

94
Q

What organ is related posteriorly at the impression on the liver D

A

transverse colon

95
Q

whats E

What embryological structure is E a remnant of

A

round ligament

umbilical vein

96
Q

What structure is related posteriorly at the region labelled G?

A

stomach

97
Q

Which artery is the cystic artery most commonly a branch of

A

right hepatic

98
Q

what arteries supply what curvature of the stomach

A

lesser curvature = left gastric
greater curvature = left gastro-EPIPLOIC

99
Q

what is a is a derivative of the dorsal mesogastrium

A

greater omentum

100
Q

what artery supplies the post wall at the first part of the duodenum

A

gastro-duodenal

101
Q

Which of the following is NOT in contact with the spleen?

Select one:
a. Stomach
b. Diaphragm
c. Pancreas
d. Colon
e. Duodenum

A

duodenum

102
Q

To which group of lymph nodes does lymph from the caecum drain

A

sup mesenteric pre aortic

103
Q

whats B

A

Left renal vein

104
Q

What type of investigation is shown in the image below

A

. Endoscopic retrograde cholagio pancreatography

Yr 2 Anatomy (26 decks)

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