Head, Face, Nose, Sinus and Neck Examination Flashcards
(97 cards)
1
Q
Torticollis
A
Rotation w/out lateral flexion
2
Q
Ocular causes of abnormal head position
A
Strabismus and diplopia
3
Q
Non-ocular causes of an abnormal head position
A
Cerebral palsy, bony abnormalities, occipital cervical synostosis, Parkinsonism syndromes & unilateral hearing loss
4
Q
Hydrocephalus
A
shape irregular due to birth trauma or congenital disorders
5
Q
Padget’s disease
A
Enlarged skull
6
Q
Down syndrome
A
One biological marker is abnormal or accelerated rate of head circumference
7
Q
Acromegaly
A
Elongated head and prominent brow and jaw
8
Q
Edamatous face: Causes
A
causes include nephrotic syndrome, hypothyroidism (myxedema) or pre-eclampsia
9
Q
Cushings Syndrome
A
Round or “moon” face with red cheeks
10
Q
Parotid gland enlargement
A
Swelling anterior to the ear lobes & above angles of jaw; causes include mumps, etc.
11
Q
Parkinson’s Disease: Symptom
A
Mask-like expression
12
Q
What CN causes facial paralysis
A
CNVII
13
Q
Hypothyroidism: Symptom
A
Thinning of outer 1/3 of eyebrow
14
Q
Enophthalamos
A
Eyes placed back; related to hypothyroidism
15
Q
Ptosis (symptoms/associations)
A
-Eyelid drooped
-Associated with Horner’s syndrome, myasthenia gravis or oculomotor nerve lesion
16
Q
Entropion (symptoms/association)
A
-Turning inward of lid margin
-Elderly
17
Q
Ectropion
A
-Turning outward of the lid margin
-Associated with elderly
18
Q
Anisocoria
A
-Pupils asymmetrical
-Causes include: benign, trauma, medication etc.
19
Q
Strabismus
A
-Pupils do not align
-CN III, IV, VI
20
Q
Amblyopia
A
-Type of strabismus with one eye turning inward
-Cranial nerve III, IV, VI
21
Q
Nasal flaring
A
-Respiratory distress
22
Q
Pursed lips
A
-COPD
23
Q
Cradle-cap
A
-White, yeasty looking
-Seen in children
24
Q
Seborrhetic dermatitis
A
Redness and Scaling
25
Nits
Tiny tan, yellow or brown oval dots close to the scalp or after hatching, shell looks white or clear & continues to be firmly attached to the hair shaft
26
Hypertrichosis
Excessive male hair growth
27
Hirsutism
Excessive male-pattern hair growth in women due to androgen dominance
28
Alopecia
-Hair loss, including balding
-May suggest hormonal imbalances, aging or hypothyroidism
29
What condition is associated with coarse hair?
Hypothyroidism
30
What condition is associated with fine hair?
Hyperthyroidism
31
Pilonidal Cysts
Palpate the mass: Soft lumps or cyst (sac) of hair and debris
32
Pigmented nevi
Palpate for mass
33
Parotid gland enlargement
Swelling anterior to the ear lobs & above the angles of the jaw
-Causes include mumps
34
Giant Cell Artertis
Listen for bruits (temporal artery)
35
Unilateral bruit
-May be seen with seizures, headaches, stroke syndromes, intracranial mass lesions or carotid bruits
-Associated with orbital artery assessment
36
Bilateral bruits
-May suggest hyperthyroidism
-Associated with orbital artery assessment
37
CN V Trigeminal nerve assessment interpretations
-Cranial never lesion (is suggested)
-Sensory is decreased
-Patient does not blink
-Patient cannot maintain hold on tongue depressor
38
CN VII Facial Nerve assessment interpretation
-Cranial nerve lesion: Suggested if patient is unable to do
39
External nose interpretations
Broken nose or furuncle
40
A history or obvious broken nose may predispose a patient to
sinusitis
41
Furuncle
Tenderness of the nasal tip or alae may suggest local infection
42
Acute Coryza (common cold)
Fiery red mucosa, clearly watery discharge
43
Viral rhinitis
Mucosa is reddened & swollen
44
Allergic rhinitis
Mucosa is pale blue gray or pale pink & swollen/boggy
45
Epistaxis
May result from nose-blowing, picking, direct trauma, dry air, septum issues, drug abuse etc
46
Polyps
Pale, semi translucent masses
47
Septal perforations
Include trauma, surgery & drug use
48
Septal deviation
Due to trauma, congenital
49
Obstruction during the nasal patency
Causes including sinusitis, allergies, polyps
50
Sinusitis
May be painful to touch and percussion
51
Pale colouration
May indicate poor circulation, cold temperature
52
Nevi (Lips)
Moles: congenital or acquired from sun exposure
53
Blotchy hyperpigmentation (Lips)
Dark or black looking pigmentation due to Addison’s disease, trauma or smoking
54
Angioedema
-Swelling of the lips
-Allergic reaction
55
Carcinoma of the lip
-May present as a scaly plaque, ulcer w/ or w/o a crust as a modular lesion
-May also appear on tongue/gums
56
Chellitis
-Inflammation of the lip
-May suggest B12 or iron deficiency, allergy or precursor to skin CA
57
Angular chellitis
Inflammatory lesion at the labial commissure or corner of the mouth & is often BL
58
Labial HSV1 (aka cold sore or fever blisters)
-Small, sometimes painful fluid-filled reddish or purple blisters around the lips or corners of the mouth
-Over several days, the blisters tend to merge and then collapse
-A yellowish crust often forms over the sores
59
Cracks or tissues (lips)
May be due to hydration status, poor fitting dentures, braces
60
Aphthous stomatitis
-Aka: Canker sore or apithous ulcer
-White or oval lesion with an inflamed, red border (sometimes white circle or halo around the lesion)
61
Mucocele
Benign cycles that forms between the gums and buccal walls (not common)
62
Petechiae
May be present in individuals who bite their cheeks and in those with platelet disorders
63
Bruxism
Bite marks
64
Koplik spots of measles
Gray white spots near parotid duct opening
65
Fordyce spots
Yellowish granulations
66
Normal gums
-Pink
-Patchy brownness may be present, especially but not exclusively in those with dark-skin
67
Gingivitis
Inflammation and infection of gums
68
Gingival hyperplasia
May be caused by Dilantin (seizure) therapy, puberty, pregnancy and leukaemia
69
Alveolar pyorrhea
-Severe infection of the teeth with recession of gums
-May see tooth loss
70
Hyperpigmentation (gums)
Several causes including Addison’s disease, medication, smoking or benign
71
Blue or black line along gum
May be caused by heavy metal toxicity
72
Discoloration of teeth
-Several causes: smoking, coffee, wine, cola, antibiotics
73
Bruxism
Surface of teeth may be affected
74
Malocclusion
Teeth do not meet correctly
75
Leukoplakia
Adherent white patches on the mucous membranes of the mouth and tongue
76
Candiasis
Yeast-like fungus overgrowth on tongue or throat
77
Atrophic glossitis
Beefy, red tongue associated with pernicious anemia, iron deficiency etc
78
Geographic tongue
Map-like appearance of tongue due to irregular patches on its surface
79
Cancer of the tongue
-Suspect any persistent red or white nodule or ulcer
-Induration increased the possibility
-M/C side of tongue at it’s base
-2nd M/C CA of the mouth
80
Ankloglossia
-AKA tongue tie
-A congenital anomaly characterized by an abnormally short lingual frenulum
-Often found in infants that have difficult breast feeding
81
Stensen’s Ducts
(Parotid) open on the buccal mucosa opposite the 2nd molar on each side of the upper jaw
82
Wharton ducts
(Submandibular gland ducts) under the tongue on each side of the frenulum
83
Siaorrhea
-May be caused by medications, Parkinson’s or GERD
84
Xerostomia
-May be caused by medications, nutrition, or Sjogrens
85
Torus Palatinus
Midline growth in the hard palate that is fairly common in adults, size & lobulation vary
-May be insignificant, contributory to migraines or a characteristic of acromegaly
86
Pharyngitis
-Inflammation of the throat
-Most common in viral & bacterial infections
87
Tonsillitis
Red throat
88
Strep throat
Red throat with white exudate on the tonsils (due to strep or mono)
89
Cord nodules or polyps
May see with hoarseness
90
Absence of gag reflex
Alone it does not support neurogenic dysphagia
91
Abnormal gag reflex
-Soft palate fails to rise & uvula deviates away
-May be caused by movement disorders, myasthenia gravis, stroke, dementia & cervical spine surgery
92
A lower motor lesion (hypoglossal)
-Will cause Deviation to the IL side
-Corresponding fasciulcations & atrophy
93
Upper motor neuron lesion (hypoglossal)
Will cause the tongue to deviate away from the side of the cortical lesion
-Fasciulations and atrophy seen in the LMN are not always present
94
Halitosis
-Causes may include poor hygiene, infection, GERD etc.
95
Conditions of Head and Face
-High intercranial pressure headache
-Syncope, presyncope, dizziness
-Transient Ischemic Attact (TIA)
-CN VII hemiparesis (Bells Palsy & Stroke)
96
Conditions of Nose
Anosmia, Rhinorrhea & acute coryza, Rhinitis (viral and allergic), acute sinusitis, hypertrophied turbinate, polyps, malignant cancer, snoring
97
Conditions of Neck
Hypothyroidism, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism, thyroid cancer
