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PDX > Male Health > Flashcards

Male Health Flashcards

1
Q

Symptoms: Pain in Groin

A

-Local pain: Hernia
-May be after heavy lifting or a bad cough
-Patient notices protrusion
-May be referred: Acute urethral obstruction (kidney stone)

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2
Q

Direct Inguinal Hernia

A

-Portion of intestine protrudes directly outward through a weak point in abdominal wall
-Superior to inguinal ligament
-Round selling near pubis of deep inguinal ring

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3
Q

Indirect Inguinal Hernia

A

-Portion of intestine pushes downward through deep inguinal ring into inguinal canal
-Through deep inguinal ring
-Swelling increases with intrabdominal pressure
-More Common

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4
Q

Femoral Hernia

A

-Protrusion of abdominal contents through femoral canal
-Occurs in women more than men
-Less common than inguinal hernias

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5
Q

Refractory Period

A

-In sexual intercourse, phase that follows orgasm
-Time required to have another ejaculation occur
-Normal: Time varies with individuals, age
-Abnormal: Erectile dysfunction

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6
Q

Priapism

A

-Unwanted persistent erection
-Painful
-Emergency: can be caused by medication

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7
Q

Red Blood in Stool

A

-Bleeding in lower GI tract
-Hemorrhoids (small amounts on toilet paper)
-Ulcerative colitis
-Colon Cancer

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8
Q

Melena

A

-Bleeding occuring in upper GI tract
-Usually darker
-Common examples: Peptic ulcer

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9
Q

Occult blood in stool

A

Polyps or colon cancer
-Blood in the fecal matter

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10
Q

Urinary Tract Complaints

A

-Symptoms: Pain, urinary changes, involuntary urination, blood
-Pain w/ urinary change: Obstructive uropathy, kidney stone, cystitis, STD’s, urethritis
-Involuntary urination: Incontinence

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11
Q

Polyuria

A

Increased rate of urine production

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12
Q

Anuria

A

Absence of urine production

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13
Q

Oliguria

A

Decreased urine production

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14
Q

Nocturia

A

Excessive urination at night

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15
Q

Incontinence

A

Involuntary urination

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16
Q

Dysuria

A

Difficulty, pain or burning sensation with urination

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17
Q

Hematuria

A

Blood in the urine

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18
Q

Benign causes of Hematuria

A

Kidney stones and infection

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19
Q

Malignant causes of Hematuria

A

Bladder cancer, kidney cancer

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20
Q

Painful, enlarged lymph nodes

A

Local inflammation in leg, scrotum, genitalia

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21
Q

Non-tender, hard, enlarged nodes

A

Cancer

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22
Q

Smegma

A

-Accumulation of bacteria, urine & cellular debris underneath foreskin
-Sometimes associated with phimosis and resulting in irritation/inflammation
-Whitish looking debris

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23
Q

Vesicles (Penis)

A

-Small raised lesions with clear fluid
-Associated with herpes

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24
Q

Chancre

A

-Small painless lesion, often one
-Associated with early stages of syphillis
-May originate as a pustule and progress to a hard ulceration

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25
Q

Chancroid

A

Small painful lesion, usually multiple
-Caused by bacterium H. Ducreyi

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26
Q

Condyloma

A

-Raised growth; May be described as warm or more flat
-Associated with HIV or second stage of syphillis

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27
Q

Discharge

A

-Chlamydia, gonorrhea
-May have testicular pain as well

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28
Q

Inflammation/swelling of testes

A

Epididymitus, orchitis

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29
Q

Mass found at scrotum

A

Spermatocele, testicular cancer

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30
Q

“Wormy” testicles

A

Variocele

31
Q

Change in testicular size

A

Atrophy

32
Q

Direct hernia

A

Pushes side of finger forward

33
Q

Indirect hernia

A

Touches fingertip (most common)

34
Q

Prostate: Blood in stool

A

hemorrhoids, intestinal conditions (ulcerative colitis, cancer), polyps, cancer, peptic ulcers

35
Q

Hard stools

A

chronic constipation, fecal impaction

36
Q

Anal mass

A

hemorrhoids, thrombosed hemorrhoids, skin tags (old hemorrhoid)

37
Q

Rectal pain

A

anal fissure, pilonidal sinus, hemorrhoids

38
Q

Enlarged, non-tender prostate

A

BPH

39
Q

Boggy, tender prostate

A

Prostatitis

40
Q

Hard/lumpy prostate

A

Prostate cancer

41
Q

Intertrigo

A

-Groin condition
-Irritant dermatitis occurring between folds of the skin
-B/w: Buttocks Or scrotum/thigh
-Caused by: Friction, sweat retention..

42
Q

Phimosis

A

Tightness of the foreskin
-Inability to retract it
-Caused by: adhesions of the prepuce to the underlying glans

43
Q

Paraphimosis

A

-Inability to pull the foreskin forward from a retracted position
-Glans is usually inflamed, swollen and painful

44
Q

Hypospadias

A

-Congenital defect: Urinary meatus opens on ventral aspect of penis
-Opening may be located in: Glans (shaft) or Scrotum (Perineum)

45
Q

Epispadias

A

-Congenital defect: Urinary meatus opens on dorsum of penis

46
Q

Chordee

A

-Congenital anomaly: Restrictive band of tissue between the meatus and the gland
-Ventral curvature of the penis

47
Q

Priapism

A

An unwanted erection
-Persistent and painful
-Causes include: Ischemia, penile injury

48
Q

Cryptorchidism

A

Failure of one or both testicles to descent into the scrotum
-Main sign: Not feeling/seeing testicle

49
Q

Hydrocele

A

Scrotal swelling with fluid in the sheath surrounding testicle
-Common in newborns, usually disappears by age 1
-Painless but may become large

50
Q

Epididymitis

A

Inflammation of the epididymus
-Often related to sexually transmitted infection
-Can be acute or chronic
-Area is extremely tender

51
Q

Spermatocele

A

Cyst that develops in epididymis
-Generally painless

52
Q

Varicocele

A

Enlargement of veins in testes
-Feels like “bag of worms”

53
Q

Orchitis

A

Inflammation of the testes
-Commonly caused by: Mumps

54
Q

Testicular atrophy

A

Testicles diminish in size
-Causes: Hormonal, alcoholism, mumps
-UL Causes: Ischemia from local inflammation or trauma

55
Q

Testicular cancer

A

Mass in either one or both testicles
-Associated with undescended testicles, Klinefelter syndrome
-Tend to be more malignant
-Most common form of cancer in males aged 15-35
-Symptoms include testicular pain, back pain

56
Q

Hemorrhoid

A

Swollen veins in rectum
-Internal and external

57
Q

Thrombosed Hemorrhoids

A

Hemorrhoid fills with blood
-Can be tender

58
Q

Hemorrhoidal Skin Tags

A

Hemorrhoids stretch skin

59
Q

Pilonidal Sinus

A

Small hole or tunnel in sacral region that is open to exterior
-Can fill with fluid or pus, forming cysts or abcess
-Pressure or friction can cause hair to push inwards
-Symptoms include: tenderness, sacral swelling

60
Q

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

A

Benign enlargement of the prostate
-Common condition as men get older
-Increased mass may increasingly obstruct the urethra
-Symptoms: Changes in urination, incontinence, UTI, weak stream

61
Q

Prostatis

A

Inflammation of the prostate
-Can be acute or chronic
-Often due to bacteria (STD)
-Painful urination or pain in groin

62
Q

Prostate cancer

A

Most common malignant transformation in men
-Hard nodule is first sign
-Grows slowly
-Urinating difficulty, decreased force in urination, erectile dysfunctioin

63
Q

Obstructive uropathy

A

Blockage of flow of urine through ureter, bladder or urethra
-Can cause urine to backflow, can lead to infecton

64
Q

Incontinence

A

Involuntary leakage of urine

65
Q

Enuresis

A

Any involuntary urination
-Common in childhood
-Especially during sleep
-Common conditions: Diabetes, overactive, cystitis

66
Q

Urethritis

A

-Inflammation of the urethra
-Due to bacterial infection associated with Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, bacteria in stool
-Changes in urination, painful

67
Q

Chlamydia

A

Bacterial infection
-Doesn’t appear to 1-3 weeks after infection
-Symptoms: Epididymitus

68
Q

Genital herpes

A

Painful clustered vesicles
-Can later crust over
-Caused by herpes simplex virus
-Can cause pain, itching
-Reoccuring

69
Q

Gonorrhea

A

Bacterial infectoin most often affecting the urethra causing urethritis
-Painful urination, pale green discharge
“Drip or Clap

70
Q

Chancroid

A

Bacterial infection causing chancre on or around genitalia
-Highly infectious
-Painful genital ulcer, enlarged lymph nodes, discharge is typically clear

71
Q

Syphilis

A

Bacterial infection that develops in 4 stages which has overlapping symptoms

72
Q

Stages of syphillis

A

-Primary: Painless chancre on genitals (3 weeks)
-Secondary: Condyloma latum and non itchy rash over entire body (4-8 weeks)
-Latent: Goes dormant
-Tertiary: Systemic issues about 1-10 years after infection (CNS, cardiovascular)

73
Q

Condyloma Acuminatum

A

-Venereal wart (soft, warty, papillomatous proj)
-Increased chances of penile cancer
-Viral (HPV) in origin

74
Q

Condyloma Latum

A

Slightly raised, moist, flattened papulaes that appear on penis
-Sign of secondary syphillis

PDX (13 decks)

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