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Male Health Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

Symptoms: Pain in Groin

A

-Local pain: Hernia
-May be after heavy lifting or a bad cough
-Patient notices protrusion
-May be referred: Acute urethral obstruction (kidney stone)

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2
Q

Direct Inguinal Hernia

A

-Portion of intestine protrudes directly outward through a weak point in abdominal wall
-Superior to inguinal ligament
-Round selling near pubis of deep inguinal ring

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3
Q

Indirect Inguinal Hernia

A

-Portion of intestine pushes downward through deep inguinal ring into inguinal canal
-Through deep inguinal ring
-Swelling increases with intrabdominal pressure
-More Common

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4
Q

Femoral Hernia

A

-Protrusion of abdominal contents through femoral canal
-Occurs in women more than men
-Less common than inguinal hernias

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5
Q

Refractory Period

A

-In sexual intercourse, phase that follows orgasm
-Time required to have another ejaculation occur
-Normal: Time varies with individuals, age
-Abnormal: Erectile dysfunction

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6
Q

Priapism

A

-Unwanted persistent erection
-Painful
-Emergency: can be caused by medication

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7
Q

Red Blood in Stool

A

-Bleeding in lower GI tract
-Hemorrhoids (small amounts on toilet paper)
-Ulcerative colitis
-Colon Cancer

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8
Q

Melena

A

-Bleeding occuring in upper GI tract
-Usually darker
-Common examples: Peptic ulcer

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9
Q

Occult blood in stool

A

Polyps or colon cancer
-Blood in the fecal matter

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10
Q

Urinary Tract Complaints

A

-Symptoms: Pain, urinary changes, involuntary urination, blood
-Pain w/ urinary change: Obstructive uropathy, kidney stone, cystitis, STD’s, urethritis
-Involuntary urination: Incontinence

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11
Q

Polyuria

A

Increased rate of urine production

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12
Q

Anuria

A

Absence of urine production

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13
Q

Oliguria

A

Decreased urine production

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14
Q

Nocturia

A

Excessive urination at night

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15
Q

Incontinence

A

Involuntary urination

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16
Q

Dysuria

A

Difficulty, pain or burning sensation with urination

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17
Q

Hematuria

A

Blood in the urine

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18
Q

Benign causes of Hematuria

A

Kidney stones and infection

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19
Q

Malignant causes of Hematuria

A

Bladder cancer, kidney cancer

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20
Q

Painful, enlarged lymph nodes

A

Local inflammation in leg, scrotum, genitalia

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21
Q

Non-tender, hard, enlarged nodes

A

Cancer

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22
Q

Smegma

A

-Accumulation of bacteria, urine & cellular debris underneath foreskin
-Sometimes associated with phimosis and resulting in irritation/inflammation
-Whitish looking debris

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23
Q

Vesicles (Penis)

A

-Small raised lesions with clear fluid
-Associated with herpes

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24
Q

Chancre

A

-Small painless lesion, often one
-Associated with early stages of syphillis
-May originate as a pustule and progress to a hard ulceration

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25
Chancroid
Small painful lesion, usually multiple -Caused by bacterium H. Ducreyi
26
Condyloma
-Raised growth; May be described as warm or more flat -Associated with HIV or second stage of syphillis
27
Discharge
-Chlamydia, gonorrhea -May have testicular pain as well
28
Inflammation/swelling of testes
Epididymitus, orchitis
29
Mass found at scrotum
Spermatocele, testicular cancer
30
“Wormy” testicles
Variocele
31
Change in testicular size
Atrophy
32
Direct hernia
Pushes side of finger forward
33
Indirect hernia
Touches fingertip (most common)
34
Prostate: Blood in stool
hemorrhoids, intestinal conditions (ulcerative colitis, cancer), polyps, cancer, peptic ulcers
35
Hard stools
chronic constipation, fecal impaction
36
Anal mass
hemorrhoids, thrombosed hemorrhoids, skin tags (old hemorrhoid)
37
Rectal pain
anal fissure, pilonidal sinus, hemorrhoids
38
Enlarged, non-tender prostate
BPH
39
Boggy, tender prostate
Prostatitis
40
Hard/lumpy prostate
Prostate cancer
41
Intertrigo
-Groin condition -Irritant dermatitis occurring between folds of the skin -B/w: Buttocks Or scrotum/thigh -Caused by: Friction, sweat retention..
42
Phimosis
Tightness of the foreskin -Inability to retract it -Caused by: adhesions of the prepuce to the underlying glans
43
Paraphimosis
-Inability to pull the foreskin forward from a retracted position -Glans is usually inflamed, swollen and painful
44
Hypospadias
-Congenital defect: Urinary meatus opens on ventral aspect of penis -Opening may be located in: Glans (shaft) or Scrotum (Perineum)
45
Epispadias
-Congenital defect: Urinary meatus opens on dorsum of penis
46
Chordee
-Congenital anomaly: Restrictive band of tissue between the meatus and the gland -Ventral curvature of the penis
47
Priapism
An unwanted erection -Persistent and painful -Causes include: Ischemia, penile injury
48
Cryptorchidism
Failure of one or both testicles to descent into the scrotum -Main sign: Not feeling/seeing testicle
49
Hydrocele
Scrotal swelling with fluid in the sheath surrounding testicle -Common in newborns, usually disappears by age 1 -Painless but may become large
50
Epididymitis
Inflammation of the epididymus -Often related to sexually transmitted infection -Can be acute or chronic -Area is extremely tender
51
Spermatocele
Cyst that develops in epididymis -Generally painless
52
Varicocele
Enlargement of veins in testes -Feels like “bag of worms”
53
Orchitis
Inflammation of the testes -Commonly caused by: Mumps
54
Testicular atrophy
Testicles diminish in size -Causes: Hormonal, alcoholism, mumps -UL Causes: Ischemia from local inflammation or trauma
55
Testicular cancer
Mass in either one or both testicles -Associated with undescended testicles, Klinefelter syndrome -Tend to be more malignant -Most common form of cancer in males aged 15-35 -Symptoms include testicular pain, back pain
56
Hemorrhoid
Swollen veins in rectum -Internal and external
57
Thrombosed Hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoid fills with blood -Can be tender
58
Hemorrhoidal Skin Tags
Hemorrhoids stretch skin
59
Pilonidal Sinus
Small hole or tunnel in sacral region that is open to exterior -Can fill with fluid or pus, forming cysts or abcess -Pressure or friction can cause hair to push inwards -Symptoms include: tenderness, sacral swelling
60
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
Benign enlargement of the prostate -Common condition as men get older -Increased mass may increasingly obstruct the urethra -Symptoms: Changes in urination, incontinence, UTI, weak stream
61
Prostatis
Inflammation of the prostate -Can be acute or chronic -Often due to bacteria (STD) -Painful urination or pain in groin
62
Prostate cancer
Most common malignant transformation in men -Hard nodule is first sign -Grows slowly -Urinating difficulty, decreased force in urination, erectile dysfunctioin
63
Obstructive uropathy
Blockage of flow of urine through ureter, bladder or urethra -Can cause urine to backflow, can lead to infecton
64
Incontinence
Involuntary leakage of urine
65
Enuresis
Any involuntary urination -Common in childhood -Especially during sleep -Common conditions: Diabetes, overactive, cystitis
66
Urethritis
-Inflammation of the urethra -Due to bacterial infection associated with Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, bacteria in stool -Changes in urination, painful
67
Chlamydia
Bacterial infection -Doesn’t appear to 1-3 weeks after infection -Symptoms: Epididymitus
68
Genital herpes
Painful clustered vesicles -Can later crust over -Caused by herpes simplex virus -Can cause pain, itching -Reoccuring
69
Gonorrhea
Bacterial infectoin most often affecting the urethra causing urethritis -Painful urination, pale green discharge “Drip or Clap
70
Chancroid
Bacterial infection causing chancre on or around genitalia -Highly infectious -Painful genital ulcer, enlarged lymph nodes, discharge is typically clear
71
Syphilis
Bacterial infection that develops in 4 stages which has overlapping symptoms
72
Stages of syphillis
-Primary: Painless chancre on genitals (3 weeks) -Secondary: Condyloma latum and non itchy rash over entire body (4-8 weeks) -Latent: Goes dormant -Tertiary: Systemic issues about 1-10 years after infection (CNS, cardiovascular)
73
Condyloma Acuminatum
-Venereal wart (soft, warty, papillomatous proj) -Increased chances of penile cancer -Viral (HPV) in origin
74
Condyloma Latum
Slightly raised, moist, flattened papulaes that appear on penis -Sign of secondary syphillis

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