Health Unit: Terms

Question 1

stressors

Answer 1

the stimuli that we appraise as threatening or challenging

Question 2

type of stressor: frusteration

Answer 2

when the pursuit of a goal is thwarted

Question 3

conflict

Answer 3

2 or more incompatible motivations or behavioral impulses compete for expression

Question 4

choice between 2 attractive goals

Answer 4

approach-approach

Question 5

choice between 2 unattractive goals

Answer 5

avoidance-avoidance

Question 6

one choice with attractive and unattractive aspects

Answer 6

approach-avoidance

Question 7

Transactional Model of Stress

Answer 7

stress involves a transaction between the individual and external world (primary and secondary appraisal)

Question 8

TMS: primary appraisal

Answer 8

is the situation positive or negative?

Question 9

TMS: secondary appraisal

Answer 9

consideration/evaluation of available coping strategies

Question 10

coping strategies (2)

Answer 10

problem focused: change the situation

emotion-focused: maladaptive techniques, relaxation, talk to others

Question 11

Stress Innoculation Training

Answer 11

People reinterpret events and put coping behaviors into action

1. therapeutic alliance
2. application training
3. application follow through

Question 12

Tend and Befriend

Answer 12

male stress response: fight or flight - testosterone

female stress response: tend and befriend - oxytocin

Question 13

substance

Answer 13

anything people ingest to alter mood, cognition or behavior

Question 14

addiction

Answer 14

characterized by behavioral and other responses that include a compulsion to use the substance continuously

Question 15

general household survey

Answer 15

23% of men and 21% of women smoke

Question 16

substance use

Answer 16

consumption of or use of any substance

Question 17

substance addiction

Answer 17

characterized by continued use of substance despite knowing problems or unsuccessful effort to control substance abuse

Question 18

psychological addiction

Answer 18

cravings, situations and mood serve as triggers

Question 19

physical addiction

Answer 19

tolerance, withdrawal symptoms

Question 20

biological effects of smoking

Answer 20

dopamine, adrenaline, serotonin and acetylcholine

Question 21

cognitive and social factors

Answer 21

most important factor is parents smoking, most common in adults below poverty line, most teens smoke for purely social reasons

Question 22

biological reasons for obesity

Answer 22

brain: hypothalamus primarily responsible for food intake

Question 23

hunger triggering hormones

Answer 23

onexin and grelin

Question 24

leptin

Answer 24

protein released by fats cells that signals fullness

Question 25

insulin

Answer 25

regulates blood glucose levels: less glucose means more hunger

Question 26

set point theory

Answer 26

an individual's weight thermostat is set

Question 27

metabolism

Answer 27

inherited rate at which food is converted into energy

Question 28

settling point theory

Answer 28

a number of factors affect weight; long lasting life changes can change set point

Question 29

false hope syndrome

Answer 29

people are overly optimistic about the length of time to lose weight

Question 30

lipase inhibitors

Answer 30

reduce fat absorption

Question 31

appetite suppressants

Answer 31

increase neurotransmitters that affect mood and appetite to increase fullness or decrease hunger pangs

Question 32

Health belief model

Answer 32

predicts whether a person will choose healthy behaviors: evaluation of threat and cost-benefit analysis

Question 33

self-efficacy

Answer 33

perceived ability to carry out a behavior

Question 34

theory of reasoned action

Answer 34

people son't always act in ways that are in line with their beliefs: beliefs to attitudes and intentions and behavior

Question 35

stages of change model

Answer 35

precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance

Question 36

catastrohpe theory

Answer 36

west and sohal: people react to an environmental cue and decide to stop all at once

Question 37

evidence based research

Answer 37

efficacy: relative improvement in health as a result of intervention in controlled and randomized trials effectiveness: improvement in health as a result of an intervention in a realistic setting

Question 38

Beck: CBT and Weight Loss

Answer 38

10 women successfully dropped weight by challenging eating behaviors and reshaping thinking

Question 39

general adaptation syndrome

Answer 39

a model of the body's stress response: Alarm: first recognition of threat Resistance: physical changes stabilize Exhaustion: body's resources are limited and panic decreases and resistance declines

Question 40

Personality

Answer 40

Type A: strong, competitive, self-imposed stress | Type B: relaxed, patient, easygoing

Question 41

social self preservation theory

Answer 41

threats to one's self esteem and status have negative cognitive/emotional consequences