Hematology #1 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Hematology #1 Deck (24)
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1
Q

Normal lab values: WBC, Plt

A

WBC: 5k-10k

Plt (thrombocytes): 150k-400k

2
Q

Normal lab values: Na, K, Cl

A

Na: 135-145
K: 3.5-5.0
Cl: 95-107

3
Q

Normal lab values: CO2, BUN, creatine

A

CO2: 22-26
BUN: 10
Creatine: 1

4
Q

Plasma

A

Fluid part of blood,

  • 91% is H2O
  • 7% are proteins, primarily albumin
5
Q

Primary factors for oncotic pressure

A
#1: Na 
#2: proteins (albumin)
6
Q

Consequences of low albumin level

A
  1. Decreased oncotic pressures - 3rd spacing

2. Decreased drug binding = increased bioavailability drug per dose

7
Q

High BUN

A

Decreased kidney function

-high levels of products normally excreted.

8
Q

What is the best colloidal solution during a traumatic resuscitation?

A

Blood

9
Q

What is the target MAP during a trauma resuscitation?

A

80-90 mmHg

10
Q

Deliberate hypotension technique

A

Intentional hypotension to limit bleeding and keep clear surgical fields during surgery.

  • requires intensive hemodynamics monitoring
  • not performed prehospital
11
Q

Permissive hypotension

A

BP maintained normal to slightly low to limit bleeding

12
Q

Blood should only be administered with NS, why not LR?

A

LR has calcium component
-blood contains calcium kelating to prevent clotting in bag, can be overwhelmed by calcium in LR resulting in clotting in the line.

13
Q

Von Willembrand’s Factor

A

Free flowing in blood. Adhere to exposed collagen, then to platelets.

14
Q

Individual platelets adhere to one another by which 2 factors?

A
  • G2B3A receptors

- thromboxane A2 (TXA2)

15
Q

Thromboxane A2 development

A

Tertiary development from prostaglandins

ASA / NSAIDs interfere with prostaglandin conversion to TXA2

16
Q

Extrinsic Clotting cascade

A

Damaged tissue, exposed collagen and thromboplastin.

17
Q

Where are the highest concentrations of thromboplastin?

A

Brain and placenta

-thus high incidence of DIC in head and pregnancy related trauma

18
Q

Intrinsic clotting cascade

A

Damage to inside of the vessel wall (endothelium)

19
Q

Which cation is most important during the clotting cascade.

A

Calcium

-low Ca levels result in malfunction of clotting cascade

20
Q

Extrinsic pathway to final common pathway

A

Tissue damage => release of thromboplastin from tissues => activates factor X => final common pathway

21
Q

Intrinsic pathway to final common pathway

A

Blood vessel damage => cascade of clotting factors in the blood => activates factor X => final common pathway.

22
Q

Final common pathway

A

Factor X converts prothrombin to thrombin => converts fibrinogen to fibrin => blood clot

23
Q

Fibrin clot break down

A

Plasminogen within clot converts to plasmin => clot breaks down to fibrin degradation products.

24
Q

Normal lab values: RBC, Hgb, Hct

A

RBC is 5, x3= Hgb, x3=Hct

RBC: 5
Hgb: 15
HCT: 45 (% blood that is not fluid)