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A+ Test Prep > Ventilators > Flashcards

Flashcards in Ventilators Deck (24)
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0
Q

AC

A

Assist Control

  • preset Vt/PIP
  • pt triggers breaths (receives full preset breath)
  • Back up rate set
1
Q

CMV

A

Controlled Mandatory/Mode Ventilation

  • early mode
  • preset Vt or PIP
  • Preset Rate
  • pt cannot initiate (apprehension & air hunger)
  • requires sedation / paralysis
2
Q

AC complications

A
  • Resp Alkalosis (pts triggers 2 breaths + Back up rate= tachypnea)
  • Asynchrony machine & pt
  • May worsen air trapping in COPD pts
  • stacked breaths (pt’s breath immediately before scheduled breath - delivers 2 preset Vt breaths. Barotrauma)
3
Q

IMV

A

Intermediate Mandatory Ventilation

  • Preset rate, VT/PIP
  • pt can initiate breath, but only delivers amount pt draws. (Does not deliver full present Vt/PIP)
4
Q

IMV Complication

A

If pt takes breath right before schedules breath, delivers amount requested plus scheduled breath. Results in air stacking. Barotrauma.

5
Q

SIMV

A

Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation.

  • Preset Rate Vt/PIP
  • vent senses initiated breaths.
  • if initiated breath close to scheduled breath, delivers preset amount. Otherwise delivers amount drawn by pt.
  • can still lead to hyperventilation, respiratory alkalosis, air trapping in COPD pts.
6
Q

SCOPE - high pressure alarm

A
Suction (mucus plug)
Connections (valves on circuit/kinked)
Obstructions
Pneumothorax
ETT dislodgement (suggests deep dislodgement)
7
Q

Acute Respiratory Deterioration w/ PIP Decrease

A

Air leak, hyperventilation

8
Q

Acute Respiratory Deterioration w/ PIP no change

A

PE, extra thoracic process

9
Q

Acute Respiratory Deterioration w/ PIP increase & no Plateau Pressure change.

A

(Airway obstruction) Aspiration, Bronchospasm, secretions, tracheal tube obstruction.

10
Q

Acute Respiratory Deterioration w/ PIP increase & Plateau Pressure increase

A
(Decreased compliance)
Abdominal distention
Asynchronous breathing
Atelectasis
Auto-PEEP
Pneumothorax
Pulmonary Edema
11
Q

PIP=

Pplat=

A
PIP= airway problem
Pplat= lung structure problem
12
Q

Some causes of atelectasis

A

Tight lungs, ARDS, pulmonary edema, pulmonary contusions

13
Q

Low pressure alarms

A

D/C o2 source, disconnection, ETT extubation, hypovolemia (chest is tissue, blood and air…take away blood: increased chest cavity size)

14
Q

Methemoglobinemia and saturation

A

SPO2 reads high when low, reads low when high.

>40% will direct SPO2 to 85%

15
Q

Laminar Flow

A

Measured using Reynolds number (Re=pVD/u)
-considered laminar if Re is less than 2000.

Increase Velocity/flow, tubular diameter= turbulent flow.

Laminar flow requires slower gas velocity, through smaller tubes.

16
Q

Volume Adjustments for low O2 SATs

A

Increase FiO2, increase PEEP

17
Q

Volume Adjustments for high O2 SATs

A

Decrease FiO2” decrease PEEP

18
Q

Volume Adjustments for ETCO2 >45

A

Increase RR, increase Vt

19
Q

Volume Adjustments for ETCO2

A

Decrease RR, decrease Vt

20
Q

Pressure Adjustments for low O2 SAT

A

Increase FiO2, increase PEEP

21
Q

Pressure Adjustments for high O2 SATs

A

Decrease FiO2, decrease PEEP

22
Q

Pressure Adjustments for ETCO2 >45

A

Increase PC, increase RR

23
Q

Pressure Adjustments for ETCO2

A

Decrease PC, decrease RR