Trauma #3 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Trauma #3 Deck (23)
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1
Q

Blast injuries: Secondary

A

Victim being struck by projectiles from blast force

-penetrating or blunt

2
Q

Blast injuries: Tertiary

A

Victim impacting the ground to another object

3
Q

CO production in burn setting

A

Any incomplete combustion

-complete combustion is rare

4
Q

Cyanide production in burn setting

A

Incomplete petroleum combustion

-especially carpet

5
Q

Adult UO goal I’m burn pt

A

30-50 ml or 0.5 ml/kg/hr

6
Q

Pediatric UO goal for burn patients

A

Babies: 2 ml/kg/hr
Kids: 1 ml/kg/hr

7
Q

When are Parkland formula or consensus formulas implemented during burn resuscitation?

A

Once desired UO are achieved

8
Q

Parkland formula

A

4 ml/kg/%BSA
1/2 over 1st 8 hours
1/2 in 16 hours

9
Q

Consensus formula

A

2-4 ml/kg/%BSA

10
Q

Burn mortality %

A

Age + BSA (2nd&3rd degree) = mortality %

-add 20% if respiratory involvement.

11
Q

Adult Rule Of 9’s

A
Head: (front) 4.5 (back) 4.5
Torso: (front) 18 (back w/ buttocks) 18
Arms: (front) 4.5 (back) 4.5
Groin: 1
Legs: (front) 9 (back) 9
12
Q

Pediatric rule of 9’s

A
Head: 18%
Trunk: 18, back: 18
Arms: 9
Groin: 1
Legs: 13.5
13
Q

Only chemical burn with which you should neutralize

A

Hydrofluoric acid.

  • copious amounts of fluid,
  • 10% calcium Gluconate infiltrated into tissues
14
Q

Alkali metal burns

A

React with water

Sweep off and irrigate with cooking oils (absorbs heat)

15
Q

Acid chemical burns

A

Most acids cannot penetrate deep into tissues
Cause coagulate necrosis (self limiting)
Acids denature cellular proteins and cause cellular coagulation

16
Q

Alkali chemical burns

A
  • Dissolve protein and collagen causing dehydration and saponification (Turning into soap).
  • tend to cause more damage and severe burns
  • they’ll keep working as long as they are given elements to react with .
17
Q

Myoglobinuria

A
  • Secondary to electrical burns.
  • large intramuscular protein which stores O2 (slow twitching muscle)
  • clogs kidneys
  • can result in ATN and renal failure
  • tx with fluids to maintain UO to 100 ml/hr, osmotic diuresis, bicarbonate solution.
18
Q

Why is a bicarbonate soln administered to myoglobinuria?

A

Causes proteins to become less polar
Diffused easier into glomerier structures
Diffuses into urine, urine becomes more polarized.
Proteins cannot escape urine

19
Q

Categorizations of triage tags

A

Green: walking wounded: level III: priority 3
Yellow: delayed: level II: priority 2
Red: immediate: level I: priority 1
Black: Dead: Priority 0

20
Q

Triage immediate criteria

A
Respirations: abnormal rate, WOB, distress
Perfusion: central cap refill >2 seconds
Mentation: ALOC 
Also:
-penetrating trunk trauma 
-injured rescuers
21
Q

Triage delayed criteria

A

Respirations: normal pattern or agonal
Perfusion: central cap refill normal
Mentation: Alert and oriented x3

22
Q

How much time should be spent with each patient in a triage situation?

A

15-30 seconds

23
Q

Blast injuries Primary injuries

A

Injuries due to primary blast,

Air containing organs (lungs, bladder, stomach, ears)