Hematology #1 - Unit 3

Question 1

What role does bone marrow play in the hematological system?

Answer 1

Destruction/Production of blood

Question 2

What do the lymph, the liver, and spleen do for blood?

Answer 2

Filters it!

Question 3

What is bilirubin?

Answer 3

It’s the yellow breakdown of normal heme catabolism - excess goes into the digestive system and makes our poop brown. If you don’t have it, your poop is white.

Question 4

Bone Marrow makes blood stem cells. Are they all different?

Answer 4

No, they are not all different - blood stem cells are all the same - they are undifferentiated. However, they differentiate once they are “told” what to do.

Question 5

What do Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) do?

Answer 5

02 and C02 Transport

Question 6

What do White Blood Cells (Leukocytes) do?

Answer 6

Immunity and Inflammation

Question 7

What do platelets (thrombocytes) do?

Answer 7

Form plugs and clotting cascade

Question 8

We produce the same amount of stem cells a cell. So if we produce more RBC’s, the others go down. T/F?

Answer 8

True!

Question 9

Pancytopenia - def

Answer 9

low level of RBC’s, WBC’s, platelets (bone cancer?)

Question 10

What is a reticulocyte?

Answer 10

An immature red blood cell that can carry some heme and O2.

Question 11

Without Hgb, are red blood cells’s worthless?

Answer 11

Yup!

Question 12

How long does it take an RBC to develop?

Answer 12

about 11-12 days. It spends about 1- days forming to the reticulocyte, then a day or 2 to become an RBC

Question 13

Is iron required for tissue oxygenation?

Answer 13

YES

Question 14

Hemoglobin - what is it made up of?

Answer 14

4 polypeptide chains - 2 alpha and 2 beta.

Question 15

1 Hbg has __ parts.

Answer 15

4

Question 16

Iron - it is where O2 binds. T/F?

Answer 16

True!

Question 17

Every Hgb can carry 4 oxygen. T/F?

Answer 17

True!

Question 18

Any RBC issue that reduces tissue oxygenation = what?

Answer 18

Anemia

Question 19

With anemia, what is it important to understand?

Answer 19

The underlying condition.

Question 20

What might cause anemia?

Answer 20

Decreased production or loss of RBC (bleeding, b12 or folic acid deficiency), Increased Destruction of RBC (hemolysis, which is cell bursting), Impaired RBC function (sickle cell), too big, too small, or decreased HGB (Iron Deficiency)

Question 21

Sickle Cell Anemia - not a problem with the hemoglobin, it’s a problem with the…

Answer 21

Chains.

Question 22

Sickle Cell Crisis- caused by anything that decreases…

Answer 22

oxygen. In this crisis, it’s when it’s bad.

Question 23

Sickle Cell Care - always remember to keep the patient’s room temp HIGH - it helps prevent crisis. T/F?

Answer 23

True!

Question 24

What is erythropoietin?

Answer 24

Growth factor for RBC - goes from there being decreased blood oxygen, which the kidney’s pick up and release erythropoietin, then to the bone marrow it goes!

Question 25

Signs and Symptoms of Anemia -

Answer 25

Paleness, fatigue, increasedHR, BP, RR, cold body, possible acidosis at advanced stage

For B12/Folic Acid Anemia, they might have numbness or tingling.

Question 26

what are treatment options for anemia?

Answer 26

Blood transfusion, iron, etc - depends on the type!

Question 27

CBC - What is the RBC count?

Answer 27

How many RBC’s in there. Normal is 4.7-6.1 for males, 4.2-5.4 for females

Question 28

CBC - What is the reticulocyte count?

Answer 28

Number of immature RBC’s - normal value is 0.5%-2% of RBC’s

Question 29

CBC - what is the hemoglobin level?

Answer 29

The total amount of Hgb in the blood

Male = 14-16
Female = 12-16

Question 30

Lower hemoglobin level = ___

Higher hemoglobin = ___

Answer 30

Lower = smaller.
Higher = bigger.

Question 31

CBC - What is the MCV?

Answer 31

The size of a single RBC - usually 80-95 fL

Question 32

CBC - What is MCHC?

Answer 32

The percentage of hgb in an rbc. usually 32-36

Question 33

CBC - What is serum ferritin?

Answer 33

Total amount of free iron in the blood. Typically 12-300 for men, 10-150 for women