Musculoskeltal - Okay, Actually Part 2! - Unit 2

Question 1

What is gangrene?

Answer 1

Infection of the tissue.

Question 2

What is osteosarcoma?

Answer 2

Cancer of the bone.

Question 3

What’s an allograft?

Answer 3

Graft from another human.

Question 4

1.8 Million american have an amputation each year. T/F?

Answer 4

True!

Question 5

<10 percent of amputations are upper extremity. T/F?

Answer 5

True!

Question 6

50,000 lower limb amputations yearly. T/F?

Answer 6

True!

Question 7

Amputations aren’t really caused by DM or PVD - T/F?

Answer 7

FALSE - almost 80% of amputations are caused by these diseases!

Question 8

With a great toe amputation, what happens?

Answer 8

The toe is removed, it’s less painful, but you have to watch for balance and gait problems.

Question 9

Mid-foot amputations - reduced pain? Weight bearing?

Answer 9

Yes, along with weight bearing without prosthesis.

Question 10

The more there is to take off, the more energy to move it. T/F?

Answer 10

True!

Question 11

What is BKA? AKA?

Answer 11

BKA = Below knee amputation.
AKA = Above knee amputation.

Question 12

The higher the amputation, the more energy required for mobility. T/F?

Answer 12

True!

Question 13

What are some standard post-amputation considerations?

Answer 13

Pain management, infection (wound, lung), DVT/PE, pressure ulcer.

Question 14

In what time-frame would we like the wound to be healed in?

Answer 14

4-8 weeks.

Question 15

What are some parts of care for the stump?

Answer 15

Closure, drains, dressings and stockings, compression and shaping.

Question 16

Wrapping a stump - what should happen?

Answer 16

Patient should be flat/straight, it should be done in a figure 8 - not circular, no wrinkles, tighter at the bottom, overlap 1/4”, tension - tight but not too tight!

Question 17

Should we always keep an eye on the stump area?

Answer 17

Yes!

Question 18

What’s a contracture?

Answer 18

That’s when it becomes knotty and you can’t extend it.

Question 19

Is elevation good or bad?

Answer 19

Bad - don’t keep the part elevated for too long!

Question 20

Neuroma = what is it?

Answer 20

A tumor that can be painful - it’s at the amputation site.

Question 21

With phantom limb pain, how do we treat it?

Answer 21

Well, it happens in about 55-85% of the cases - we should start with opioids but not long term. They might need other drugs, TENS, mirror therapy, etc.

Question 22

Will the patient need psychological support?

Answer 22

YES - lots of it for many different things. Focus on them!

Question 23

What is muscular dystrophy?

Answer 23

Progressive muscle weakness, death of muscle cells and tissues - it’s a gene problem.

Question 24

What are the muscle types? (3)

Answer 24

Skeletal (Voluntary and striated), Cardiac (involuntary and striated), Smooth (Involuntary and non-striated)

Question 25

What are some problems with muscle weakness of skeletal muscle?

Answer 25

Impaired mobility, contractures, spin changes and breathing problems.

Question 26

What are some problems with muscle weakness of cardiac muscle?

Answer 26

Heart problems, decompensation

Question 27

What are some problems with muscle weakness of smooth muscle?

Answer 27

Swallowing difficulty, blood pressure

Question 28

How do we diagnose MD?

Answer 28

Creatinine kinase, electromyography, muscle biopsy, heart and lung function

Question 29

What is the treatment for MD?

Answer 29

Corticosteroids, therapy (ROM, exercise, braces, assistive devices, respiratory assistance, etc.

Question 30

What are some other complications for MD patients?

Answer 30

Fall risk, skin breakdown, blood stasis (PE, DVT), pneumonia, psychological sequelae (a psych problem resulting from a disease, etc.)

Question 31

What does a tendon do?

Answer 31

It’s fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.

Question 32

What does a ligament do?

Answer 32

It’s a strong, dense, flexible band of fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone.

Question 33

What does cartilage do?

Answer 33

It’s fibers embedded in a gel-like substance that protect articulating surfaces of joints.

Question 34

What does synovial fluid do?

Answer 34

It’s a viscous fluid that reduces friction between articular cartilage of synovial joints.

Question 35

What is arthritis?

Answer 35

A problem within the joint (cartilage or synovial fluid)

Question 36

What’s osteoarthritis?

Answer 36

Loss of cartilage on articulating surfaces of bone

Question 37

Osteoarthritis - what happens?

Answer 37

Pain, stiffness, tenderness, limited ROM, crepitus, inflammation

Question 38

What’s the goal of osteoarthritis treatment?

Answer 38

Relieve symptoms and improve function! So plan activity when pain isn’t bad, use heat therapy and meds before therapy, etc.

Question 39

What’s rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 39

Synovitis - inflammation of the synovial joint. It’s genetic/autoimmune.

Question 40

What happens in rheumatoid arthritis (symptoms?)

Answer 40

Redness, swelling, warmth, erythema, stiffness, deformities.

Question 41

What’s the goal of RA treatment?

Answer 41

Slow progression, maximum mobility, pain management.

Question 42

Is there a cure for RA?

Answer 42

Nope - just focus on pain/inflammation management.

Question 43

RA - Reduces life expectancy and ability to work (after about 10 years). T/F?

Answer 43

True! :( :( :(

Question 44

Sprain - involves…

Answer 44

muscle.

Question 45

Strain - involves…

Answer 45

ligaments.

Question 46

Brains = nerves that control…

Answer 46

muscle.