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Nur 202 > Immune System - Unit 4 > Flashcards

Immune System - Unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 1st, 2nd and 3rd levels of protection signify?

A

Innate Immunity

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2
Q

What is the ZU?

A

It is the group of assassins that are non-specific and kill any foreign invader.

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3
Q

Where would it be best to put protection?

A

All over!

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4
Q

What do the neutrophils do?

A

They are the first responder. They are directed by the cytokines.

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5
Q

For the body, what is the first level of protection?

A

Mucosal fluids, normal flora.

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6
Q

For the body, what is the second level of protection?

A

Endothelium, skin, membranes.

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7
Q

For the body, what is the 3rd level of protection?

A

Macrophages, neutrophils, etc.

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8
Q

What can harm the first level?

A

Antibiotics, etc.

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9
Q

What can harm the second level?

A

Injury, etc.

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10
Q

What can harm the third level?

A

Chemo, etc.

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11
Q

What do the macrophages do?

A

They are the lookout “Marathon” man. They can fight for a long time.

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12
Q

What do the neutrophils do?

A

They are the suicidal patrol man. They patrol….and die within hours. Once they kill one thing, they are done.

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13
Q

What do the natural killer cells do?

A

They are the psychopath - they will kill any infected cell!

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14
Q

What do the cytokines do?

A

They are released by the macrophages. They are the alarm system.

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15
Q

What is phagocytosis?

A

It’s cell eating. om nom nom.

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16
Q

Antimicrobial proteins can differentiate. T/F?

A

They do not differentiate.

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17
Q

Why do we have vesicles, phagocytosis, etc?

A

It breaks it down and shows it off!

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18
Q

What type of immunity happens if the innate immunity can’t handle it?

A

Adaptive Immunity!

19
Q

Who are the scientists?

A

B-Cells - they isolate the specific trait, create special drones (which are antibodies, sent by the B cells) that recognize the trait and deploy the drones.

20
Q

What do B-Cells become?

A

Plasma

21
Q

How is the General?

A

The helper T-Cell. It directs and motivates

22
Q

Who are the killer detectives?

A

Cytotoxic t-cells. They are trained to recognize the subtle signs of zombie infection and target those who appear to be infected.

23
Q

The helper cells - antigen presenting cells. What do they do?

A

They take the infection to the processing unit - the lymph node - so everyone can see it and know what to fight against.

24
Q

What’s the normal WBC level?

A

5,000-10,000

25
Q

What’s the normal neutrophil percentage?

A

40-75%

26
Q

What’s the normal band percentage?

A

Band = Immature neutrophil. 0-3%

27
Q

What’s the normal seg percentage?

A

35-75%

28
Q

What’s the normal lymphocyte percentage?

A

20-40%

29
Q

What’s the normal monocyte percentage?

A

2-8%

30
Q

What’s the normal eosinophil percentage?

A

0-3%

31
Q

What’s the normal basophil percentage?

A

0-1%

32
Q

Neutrophils - if there are more bands, what is this called?

A

Left shift.

33
Q

Monocytes - what do they become?

A

They become macrophages once they are transferred into the cell.

34
Q

If Eosinophils are elevated, what does that mean?

A

There’s a parasitic infection or an allergic response!

35
Q

Can basophils have a part in an allergic reaction?

A

Yes, but they die when they go to the scene so the level might actually go down.

36
Q

What does histamine do?

A

It causes vasodilation, so blood flow is increased to that area. It increases vascular permeability as well.

37
Q

Urticaria - def

Pruritus - def

A

Urticaria - hives.

Pruritus - itching.

38
Q

What is anaphylaxis? What do we do for it?

A

This is a severe allergic reaction.

The patient needs EPINEPHRINE!

39
Q

Possibility of anaphylaxis - what do we keep nearby?

A

A trach kit and oxygen - and suction stuff as well.

40
Q

What is type 1 hypersensitivity?

A

Anaphylactic shock - what we know!

41
Q

What is type 2 hypersensitivity?

A

Cytotoxic - it’s autoimmune - antibodies produced by the immune system bind to antigens on the patient’s own cell surface.

42
Q

What is type 3 hypersensitivity?

A

This occurs when antigen-antibody complexes that are not adequately cleared by innate immune cells accumulates, causing an inflammatory response and an attraction of leukocytes.
Lupus is an example!

43
Q

What is type 4 hypersensitivity?

A

This is delayed type - it’s cell-mediated. This could be like DM Type 1

44
Q

What is type 5 hypersensitivity?

A

This is a set of undesirable reactions produced by the normal immune system, including allergies and autoimmunity.
Clinical examples include Graves disease and Myasthenia Gravis

Nur 202 (31 decks)

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