Heme Part II

Question 1

Anemia

Answer 1

Reduction in number or in quality or quantity of Hgb

Question 2

Hemoglobin content low

Answer 2

Hypochromic
or normal (normochromic)

Question 3

Anisocytosis

Answer 3

RBCs various sizes

Question 4

Poikilocytosis

Answer 4

RBCs different shapes

Question 5

Anemia Clinical manifestations

Answer 5

Hypoxia
Syncope
ANgina
Compensatory tachycardia 
Organ dysfunction.

Question 6

Macrocytic-Normochromic

Answer 6

Megaloblastic anemia
cells unusually large
 DNA synthesis is defective
Usually due to deficiencies in
B12 or folate (B9)
• Co-enzymes for nuclear maturation and the DNA
synthesis pathway

Question 7

Pernicious anemia

Answer 7

most common megaloblastic anemia
Lack of intrinsic factor Requires B12 absorption
Congenital or autoimmune
H pylori and PPI increase risk

Question 8

Pernicious anemia S&S

Answer 8

Weakness, fatigue
paresthesia,
loss of appetite, abdominal pain, weight los

Question 9

Atrophic glottis

Answer 9

Indicative of Pernicious anemia
B12 deficiency.
B9 cheilitis

Question 10

Know picture of pernicious anemia

Answer 10

pernicious

Question 11

Folate B9 deficiency

Answer 11

malnourishment

Neural tube defects

Question 12

sphenocytes

Answer 12

RBCs shaped like a sphere.

Question 13

Abnormal small cells with pale color

Answer 13

Microcytic-hypochromic anemia

Question 14

Causes of microcytic-hypocrhomic anemia

Answer 14

Disorders of iron metabolism

porphyrin

Question 15

Microcytic hypochromic

Answer 15

Cause Cutaneous porphyria

Caused by defective heme production

Question 16

most common type of anemia is

Answer 16

Iron-deficiency

Question 17

Iron deficiency causes by

Answer 17

ASA
NSAIDS
insufficient iron intake

Question 18

S and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia

Answer 18

Pale conjunctiva
Fatigue,weakness
KOILONYCHIA nails (spoon shaped fingernails)

Question 19

Sideroblastic anemia

Answer 19

Defect in mitochondrial heme synthesis
iron precipitation
Acquired or hereditary
cline: iron overload

Question 20

Normocytic normochromic anemia

Answer 20

Normal size and hemoglobin content but low number

Question 21

Aplastic

Answer 21

Autoimmune
Chemical exposure
Chemotherapy drugs

Good marrow to nonfunctional yellow marrow

Question 22

Hereditary thalassemia

Answer 22

Acute blood loss

Question 23

Hemolytic anemia

•

Answer 23

Accelerated destruction of RBCs
Congenital versus acquired
Intravascular versus extravascular hemolysis
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Question 24

Hemolytic anemia

associated with Paroxysmal nocturnal Hemoglobinuria

Answer 24

Deficiency in CD55 and CD59 (MAC inhibitory
protein): Cause complement-mediated intravascular
lysis and release of hemoglobin
• Anemia, hemoglobinuria, severe fatigue, abdominal pain, and thrombosis

Question 25

G6PD

Answer 25

Protect RBCs from oxidative stress.

Question 26

Polycythemia vera

Answer 26

Splenomegaly | Treatment: Phlebotom 300-500ml to reduce erythrocytosis and

Question 27

Acute (children)

Answer 27

High proportion of immature

Question 28

Chronic

Answer 28

high proportion of mature

Question 29

Leukemia

Answer 29

PETECHIA PURPURA bone pain

Question 30

Multiple myeloma

Answer 30

Increased production of plasma cells | Pathological fracture

Question 31

Urine for Multiple myeloma

Answer 31

Bence jones cells

Question 32

Hodgkins lymphoma | Non-Hodgkins

Answer 32

Single lymph node | Multiple lymph nodes