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SRNAanatomy > NEURO Part II > Flashcards

NEURO Part II Flashcards

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1
Q

In each ventricle is a blood vessel network called the ________ that produces cerebrospinal fluid.

A

Choroid Plexus

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2
Q

Chambers within the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid are called______

A

Ventricles

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3
Q

Where is the CSF reabsorbed through

A

Arachnoid villi

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4
Q

The ________ division of the autonomic nervous system is said to function during “rest and digest.”

A

Parasympathetic

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5
Q

The sympathetic division of the ANS is also known as which of the following?

A

ThoraLUMBAR Division

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6
Q

Preganglionic fibers leave the CNS and then synapse on

A

Ganglionic neurons

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7
Q

Preganglionic neurons of the Autonomic nervous system are located in

A

Brainstem

Lateral Gray Horns of Spinal cord.

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8
Q

Ganglionic neurons innervate all of the following (smooth, cardiac, adipose tissue, glands) except:

A

Skeletal muscle

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9
Q

The parasympathetic nervous system is especially active during which physiological state?

A

Digestion

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10
Q

A visceral motor neuron whose cell body is within the CNS is called a(n)________ neuron.

A

Preganglionic

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11
Q

In which system are the ganglia in or near the target organ? (PNS or SNS)

A

Parasympathetic

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12
Q

The parasympathetic division is also called the ________ division.

A

CRANIO -SACRAL

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13
Q

Which of the following is NOT controlled by the ANS?

A

Skeletal System

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14
Q

Visceral motor neuron nuclei are located in which part of the brain?

A

Hypothalamus

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15
Q

Sympathetic postganglion fibers that innervate the small intestines originate from the

A

Superior Mesenteric ganglion

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16
Q

Sympathetic nerves contain postganglionic fibers that innervate organs in which cavity? (think thoracic/lumbar)

A

Thoracic

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17
Q

Sympathetic pre-ganglionic fibers are ________ (short/long) and have ________ axons (myelinated/Unmyelinated)

A

SHORT; myelinated

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18
Q

Preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system are located in the

A

Lateral gray horns of segments T1 to L2 of the spinal cord.

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19
Q

Clusters of ganglionic sympathetic neurons lying along either side of the spinal cord are called sympathetic ________ ganglia.

A

Chain

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20
Q

Clusters of ganglionic sympathetic neurons that innervate organs in the abdominopelvic region are called ________ ganglia.

A

Collateral

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21
Q

Injury to the neurons of a collateral ganglion would affect the function of the

A

Digestive Tract

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22
Q

Damage to the ventral roots of the first five thoracic spinal nerves on the right side of the body would interfere with the ability to

A

Dilate the RIGHT PUPIL

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23
Q

Postganglionic axons usually are (myelinated/unmyelinated)

A

Unmyelinated

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24
Q

Stimulation of the neurons in the celiac ganglion would lead to

A

Conversion of Liver glycogen reserves into glucose

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25
Which is the communication line between the CNS and the body?
PNS
26
Sympathetic nerves contains _____ (short/long) pregangionic fibers and ______(short/long) postganglionic fibers
Short; long
27
The autonomic NS conduct (somatic /visceral) (volu/involuntary)
Visceral | Involuntary
28
4) The ________ nervous system carries impulses to skeletal muscles.
Somatic
29
The heart muscle is a _________effect
Visceral
30
The conversion of the stimulus into an action potential to be interpreted by the brain is called
Transduction
31
This is an arterial bleed of blood vessels that lie within the grooves in the skull.
EPIDURAL
32
esponsible for structural support within a cell?
MICROFILAMENTS
33
Part of the Midbrain
Tegmentum corpora quadrigemina cerebral peduncles
34
The brainstem is composed of the ______,_______ and -_____
midbrain, medulla oblongata, and pons.
35
Characteristics of Wallerian Degeneration
Swelling appears Neurofilaments atrophy The axon portion degenerates.
36
Epinephrine induces general vasodilation because of the predominance of ______ __________
β-adrenergic receptors in muscle vasculature.
37
Broca’s area is most often found on the _____ (L/R) and is responsible for ________ ______
left ; motor speech.
38
Broca’s area is most often found on the _____ (L/R) and is responsible for ________ ______Results in inability to _______ ________
left ; motor speech; Deficits in this area result in the inability to form words. This is also called expressive aphasia.
39
The cerebellum is responsible for _______and _______.
balance and posture.
40
The _________ is responsible for heart rate, respiration, blood pressure, coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and vomiting.
medulla
41
The cerebral hemispheres make up the _______
forebrain.
42
Which pathway carries sensory to the CNS
Ascending
43
Transmit a nerve impulse at highest rate
LARGE myelinated
44
Capable of regeneration
Myelinated nerves of PNS
45
The neurotransmitter, norepinehprine is secreted in the
Sympathetic postganglion
46
Both oligodendroglia and schawnn cell share ability to
Form a myelin sheath
47
During a synapse what change occurs
the permeability of the post synaptic neuron changes --> membrane potential changes as well.
48
Large network of Neurons within the brainstem ESSENTIAL FOR WAKERULNESS
Reticular activating system
49
Thought and goal oriented behaviro
PREFRONTAL Lobe
50
Responsible for aspects of speech
Broca area of frontal lobe
51
Parkinson and huntington disease associated with defects in
basal ganglia
52
Maintenance of constant internal environment
HYPOTHALAMUS
53
Which funtion of COLLICULI Ability of the eyes to track moving objects
SUPERIOR
54
What 2 parts of the brain mediate affect, both emotional and behavioral
Limbic system | Prefrontal cortex
55
Reflex activities concerned HR, BP, Respiration, sneezing, swallong
MEDULLA OBLONGATA
56
Which parts of the midbrain do CN V to VIII emerge? | XI to XII
PONS; MEDULLA OBLONGATA
57
Which part of the brain controll conscious and unconscious MUSCLE SYNERGY and maintain balance and posture
CEREBELLUM
58
Modify spinal reflex arcs
UPPER motor neurons (corticospinal tract)
59
Separates brain cerebellum from its cerebrum
TENTORIUM CEREBELLI
60
The function of ARACHNOIC VILLI is to
Absorb CSF into the cerebral venous sinuses.
61
Where is the CSF produced
CHOROID PLEXUSES
62
Meninges closely adheres to surface of the brain
PIA mater
63
Brain receives what percentage of CO
20%
64
The collateral blood flow to the brain is provided by
Circle of WILLIS
65
CN of the parasympathetic nervous system
III, VII, IX, X
66
True about the BBB
Dependent on astrocytes Uses meningeal layers of the brain Naturally occuring inflammatory mediators Slowing down onset of degenerative brain disease.
67
Fibers emerge from the posterior midbrain and exit from the skull to run to the EYE
TROCHLEAR
68
Provides motor and sensory function face, mouth nose and eyes
TRIGEMINAL
69
Fibers emerge from midbrain, exit from the skull, and extend to the eye
OCULOMOTOR
70
Control motor function to the pharynx and salivary glands and sensory function from the pharynx and tongue
GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL
71
Innervates muscles that move eye laterally
ABDUCENS
72
Affects control over the motor fibers to the muscles of tongue and sensory impulses from the tongue to the brain
HYPOGLOSSAL
73
Purely sensory and carries impulses for the sense of smell
OLFACTORY
74
Made up of parasympathetic motor fibers that supply the smooth muscles of the abdominal organs
VAGUS
75
Transmits impulses for the sense of hearing
Vestibulocochlear
76
Carries sensory and motor fibers to the pharynx and laryx
Spinal accessory
77
The result of depolarizaton of a postsynaptic membrane
EPSP
78
The result of HYPERpolarizaton of a postsynaptic membrane
IPSP
79
Space that contains CSF
Arachonoid
80
In the CNS, ______ form myelin sheaths
OLIGODENDROGLIA
81
In the PNS, ______ form myelin sheaths
Schwann cells
82
Cell bodies in the PNS ______ ; cell bodies in the CNS
Ganglia; Nuclei
83
Secretes melatonin
PINEAL
84
Does Neuron need insulin to take in glucose
NO
85
CNS neural ability to change
PLASTICITY
86
Epidural space is _____ in the skull and _______ in the spinal cord
potential; real
87
ACtion potential begins at
Axon hillock
88
Correct order for brain Skin to Cerebral cortex?
Skin--> muscle --> periosterum externum -->skull -->Dura --> subdural --> Arachnoid --> Subarachnoid --> pia --> Cerebral cortex
89
Somatic vs Autonomic NS
Somatic --> sensory and motor VOLUNTARY | AUTONOMIC --> Sensory and motor INVOLUNTARY
90
Gyrus: sulcus: Fissure:
Convolution of the cerebral cortex Shallow groove between adjacent gyri Deeper groove between adjacent gyri
91
Temporal summation
effects of successive, rapid impulses from a single neuron on the same synapse
92
Arterial bleed from grooves of skull
EPIDURAL
93
Collection of venous blood between dura and arachnoid
Subdural hematoma
94
The integrative centers for autonomous activity
HYPOTHALAMUS
95
Neurotransmitter favors alertness is
norepinephrine
96
Neurotransmitter favors sleep is
Serotonin
97
Headquarters of recticular system acticity
Midbrain
98
Most long term in the
Cerebral cortex
99
Dreaming occurs during
REM
100
Where is the PERIQUEDUCTAL GRAY MATTER LOCATED
In the midbrain
101
Where is the brain RAPHE
Brainstem
102
Where is the LOCUS COERULEUS
Pons
103
Pro-inflammatory mediators causes HYPERALGSIA? | How does NSAIDS work?
Bradykinin Prostanglandings Substance P - by decreasing prostaglandins
104
Carpal tunnel examples of
Neuropathic pain
105
Excitatory neurotransmitters involved in pain transmission
Glutamate | Aspartate
106
Inhibitory neurotransmitters
GABA, glycine, Serotonic, Endorphins, Enkephalins, Dynorphins
107
Where are the primary order neurons reside only in the
DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA
108
Location of pain is performed by
SOMATOSENSORY Cortex
109
Coordinating center of the descending analgesic system is the
PAGM
110
Amputation phantom pain is explained by which theory?
Neuromatrix theory
111
Transmit dull , aching or burning sensation
Unmyelinated C
112
State higher CNS modulates transmission of pain
GCT
113
Nerve fibers transmits pain impulses
A delta fibers
114
Which spinal carries the most NOCICEPTIVE information
Lateral Spinothalamic
115
Major relay station of sensory
THALAMUS
116
Learned pain response occur
Cerebral cortex
117
Massage therapy relieves pain by closing the pain gate with stimulation ___fibers
A-beta
118
Strong MU agonists, endogenous opioid
Endorphins
119
Denotes the duration of time or the intensity that a person will endure before outwardly responding
TOLERANCE
120
Pain that warns of actual or impending tissue injury
Acute
121
Visceral pain is
poorly located and is transmitted by SNS
122
Enkephalins and endorphsin relieve pain by
Attaching to opiate receptors sites
123
Long term complication of rewarming
Renal failure
124
How does epinephrine raise body temperature
Raises metabolic rate
125
Using a fan to reduce body temp
Convection
126
How many liters of fluid per hour may be lost by sweating
2L
127
Heat loss from the body via radiating occyrs by
Emanations of electromagnetic waves
128
Benefit of fever
Deprives bacteria of a food source
129
Older adults
Sleep time is decreased and takes longer to initiate
130
Elevation of the body temperature without an increase in the HYPOTHALAMIC set point
Hyperthermia

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