Hemeonc 9 Flashcards
What is the major cause for concern with benign neoplasms?
space occupying mass, pressure
What are three of our bodies biggest “filters” for blood that have small capillary structures and a large volume of blood flow? These are high risk sites for metastasies
Liver, Lungs, Brain
Primary cancer in
the intestines will likely met to the ___________
the lungs will likely met to the______________
systemic circulation likely met to the _________
intestines –> liver
lungs –> brain
systemic –> lungs
What 3 general symptoms should raise a red flag for a cancer dx?
fatigue, anorexia, wt loss
What 4 hematologic syndromes should raise a red flag for a cancer dx?
Anemia
Leukopenia
Thrombocytopenia
Hypercoagulability
What is a syndrome caused by a protein or substance emanating from a tumor?
Usually an endocrine, skin, heme or neurologic condition
Paraneoplastic syndrome
Describe the staging system of cancer
TNM
Tumor size, extent of local invasion
Nodes, presence or absence of cancer in nodes
Metastases, presence or absence of distant mets
Stage I–small, local, no nodes, no mets
Stage II-big tumor, no nodes, no mets OR small tumor, one node, no mets
Stage III–bigger size, several nodes, no mets
Stage IV–mets of any kind
Controlling what 5 things will limit our risk of cancer?
Obesity Tobacco Alcohol Diet Sun Exposure
Complete lack of cellular differentiation in a neoplasm is called?
Anaplasia
What are genes that genes that promote cell proliferation called
proto-oncogenes
Genes that normally function to inhibit cell division are referred to as?
tumor suppressor genes
Mutated proto-oncogenes are called?
oncogenes
To insure an adequate blood supply, many malignant tissues secrete substances such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that stimulate the growth of blood vessels into the growing tumor. This is a process called?
angiogenesis
When cells are surrounded on all sides by other cells, motility is inhibited. This is called?
Contact inhibition
Programed cell death is also called?
Apoptosis
