Flashcards in Hernias Deck (76)
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1
What is an abnormal protrusion of a viscus outwith its normal body cavity?
Hernia
2
Name 4 hernias, most common first?
1. Inguinal
2. Umbilical
3. Incisional
4. Femoral
3
What may arise from natural openings or weak areas, caused by stretching or surgical inscision?
Abdominal wall hernias
4
What type of hernias are inguinal, femoral, umbilicus, oesophageal hiatus and obturator?
Natural abdominal wall hernias
5
What are incisional, parastomal, epigastric and paraumbilical herias a type of?
Weak area abdominal wall hernia
6
What is the physiological predisposing factor of abdominal hernias?
Raised intra-abdominal pressure
7
What can pregnancy and obesity lead to?
Abdominal hernias
8
What predisposing factor of abdominal hernias can leads to bilateral inguinal hernia?
Prostatism
9
Can constipation, coughing and heavy lifting cause abdominal hernias?
Yes
10
What may hernias be classified as?
Reducible or irreducible
11
If the hernia is irreducible, what may happen to its contents?
Incarcerated or strangulated
12
What denotes compromise of the blood supply of the contents and its development increases morbidity and mortality?
Strangulation
13
With strangulation hernias, what system is occluded first?
Low pressure venous system, then arterial supply
14
When the arterial supply of a hernia becomes occluded, what can develop?
Gangrene
15
In predisposed patients, to prevent an incisional hernia, what surgical measures are taken?
Tension sutures plus "mass closure" of the linea alba
16
If you have a malignancy are you more likely to develop an incisional hernia?
Yes
17
What two aetiological causes related to after an operation can be predisposing factors for incisional hernias?
Post-operative wound infection
Post-operative wound haematoma
18
What does an ileus do that increases the chance of an incisional hernia?
Raises the intra-abdominal pressure
19
What class of drug can be a predisposing factor for incisional hernias?
Steroids
20
Is a vertical or transverse incision more likely to cause an incisional hernia?
Vertical
21
What type of hernia is common in adult, obese patients?
Paraumbilical
22
What to epigastric hernias arise from?
Congenital weakness of the linea alba
23
What type of hernia usually contains extraperitoneal fat?
Epigastric
24
What type of hernia has a male:female ration of 3:1 and occurs usually in late teens/early adult hood?
Epigastric hernia
25
How do you repair an epigastric hernia?
With sutures or mesh
26
What type of hernia is an umbilical hernia?
Congenital
27
By what age has an umbilical hernia usually resolved, and what action is taken if it hasn't by then?
Age 3, if > 3 operate
28
What male:female ratio does a paediatric inguinal hernia have?
9:1
29
What type of hernias are more common in pre-term and low birth weight infants?
Paediatric inguinal hernias
30
