Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MycoViro > Herpesviridae Prt. 2 > Flashcards

Herpesviridae Prt. 2 Flashcards

(74 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

HSV-1 MOT

A

• Spreads by contact with saliva, mucosal surfaces or broken skin; replicates at the site of infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

invades **local nerve endings, **

transported by retrograde axonal flow to the **dorsal root ganglia, **

where after further replication, latency is established in the trigeminal ganglia.

A

HSV-1 INFECTIONS IN HUMANS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

• Lesions due to necrosis of infected cells with inflammatory response
• Clear vesicles, red lesions at the base; may encrust and ulcerate
• Appear in the **mouth or pharynx, ** affect young children (1-5 years old)

A

HSV-1 INFECTIONS IN HUMANS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

HSV-1 INFECTIONS IN HUMANS

Affect children aged…

A

1-5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

HSV-1 INFECTIONS IN HUMANS

mild, asymptomatic, rarely systemic

• gingivostomatitis,
• pharyngotonsillitis,
• keratoconjunctivitis,
• sometimes neonatal infections

A

Primary infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

HSV-1 INFECTIONS IN HUMANS

• Cold sores, fever blisters, keratitis

A

Recurrent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

HSV-1 INFECTIONS IN HUMANS

• cutaneous herpes (skin above the waist)
• hands or arms (Mat herpes, or herpes gladiatorum, herpes rugbeiorum)
• Herpetic whitlow (fingernail, toenails)
• Eczema herpeticum

A

Primary or recurrent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

HSV-1 INFECTIONS IN HUMANS

• ________ (skin above the waist)

• ______ or ______ (hands or arms)

•_______ (fingernail, toenails)

A

cutaneous herpes

Mat herpes, or herpes gladiatorum, herpes rugbeiorum

Herpetic whitlow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

HSV-1 INFECTIONS IN HUMANS

•________ (most common, sporadic, fatal)
•_______ (occasionally)

A

Herpes encephalitis

Herpes meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

HSV-1 INFECTIONS IN HUMANS

• Incubation period:______

• Clinical illness:_____ weeks, **intense pain at the outset but fades over 4-5 days, ** lesions progress, pustular-crusting, & healing without scarring in 8-10 days.

• Many recurrences of oral shedding but are asymptomatic & short (24 hours).

A

ranging 2-12 days

2-3 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

• Causes GENITAL HSV infections;
latency in the sacral ganglia

• Reactivation occurs most frequently below the waist

• Affect young adults; sexual contact (typical transmission)

A

HSV-2 INFECTIONS IN HUMANS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

• Transmitted to the infant during vaginal birth delivery

• Virus shed even during asymptomatic periods

• Control: Safe-sex practices in combination with valacyclovir therapy

A

HSV-2 INFECTIONS IN HUMANS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

• Severe, painful genital herpes (lasts 3 weeks), with fever, malaise, dysuria, & inguinal lymphadenopathy

• Neonatal infections (skin, eye, mouth; encephalitis; disseminated)
(ToRCHeS)

A

Primary infection

HSV-2 INFECTIONS IN HUMANS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

: Milder genital herpes

A

Recurrent

HSV-2 INFECTIONS IN HUMANS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

• Cutaneous herpes - skin below the waist, hands or arms
• Aseptic meningitis
• Disseminated infection among immunosuppressed persons

A

HSV-2 INFECTIONS IN HUMANS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ToRCHeS:

A

Toxoplasmosis,
Rubella,
Cytomegalovirus,
Herpes (or HIV),
Syphilis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

HSV-2 INFECTIONS IN HUMANS:

• Lesions appear after an incubation period of one week
• Painful urination, burning sensation, uncomfortable walking irritated by clothing

• Vesicles heal in a couple of weeks

• Contain infectious fluid

• Mostly transmitted when no lesions or symptoms are apparent

A

Genital Herpes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

T or F

HSV-2
• Semen may contain the virus

A

True!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

HHV 3 or

A

Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Varicella =
Zoster =

A

Varicella = chickenpox
Zoster = shingles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

• CXS:

A generalized vesicular eruptions of the skin & mucous membranes

itchy exanthematous rash

blisters dry & form scabs in 4-5 days

300-400 lesions (severe in adults & immunocompromised individuals)

A

Varicella (chickenpox)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

mild, (primary) acute, highly contagious disease of children

A

Varicella (chickenpox)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Varicella (chickenpox)

• CXS:

A generalized vesicular eruptions of the skin & mucous membranes

itchy exanthematous rash

blisters dry & form scabs in____ days

______lesions (severe in adults & immunocompromised individuals)

A

4-5 days

300-400

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

• A reactivation of varicella virus present in latent form in neurons in sensory ganglia

A

Herpes zoster (shingles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
sporadic, incapacitating ***disease of the elderly & immunocompromised***
Herpes zoster (shingles)
26
• CXS: Severe pain, numbness, & itchy vesicular rash along sensory nerves (a ***single sensory ganglio*** n) of head or trunk; postherpetic neuralgia
Herpes zoster (shingles)
27
HHV 3 or Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) MOT
Person to person Coughing or sneezing (airborne); close contact w/ infected host
28
Person to person - Coughing or sneezing (airborne); close contact w/ infected host • Infects the skin or mucosa of the respiratory tract or the conjunctiva & progresses through blood & lymphatic system to the cells of RES
HHV 3 or Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV)
29
Latency: Dormant in ***dorsal root ganglia, *** reactivates later in life to cause shingles • Causes disseminated infection among immunosuppres sed persons
HHV 3 or Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV)
30
Infections: ***acute infectious mononucleosis (IM) [90%]*** associated with ***nasopharyngeal carcinoma*** ***Burkitt lymphoma*** ***Hodgkin & non-Hodgkin lymphomas*** other lymphoproliferative disorders in immunodeficient individuals, & gastric carcinoma
HHV4/EPSTEIN-BARR Virus (EBV) Infections in Humans
31
HHV4/ EBV infections
***acute infectious mononucleosis (IM) [90%]*** associated with ***nasopharyngeal carcinoma*** ***Burkitt lymphoma*** ***Hodgkin & non-Hodgkin lymphomas*** other lymphoproliferative disorders in immunodeficient individuals, & gastric carcinoma
32
HHV4/EPSTEIN-BARR Virus (EBV) Infections in Humans Two major strains:____ and_____ • Gammaherpesvirus family, gamma 1 or lymphocryptovirus genus; the ***first human tumor virus***
EBV types A and B
33
HHV4/ EBV is the primary route of transmission.
SALIVA
34
• Viral replication in ***epithelial cells*** (oropharynx, parotid gland, uterine cervix) • subsequently ***infect B cells & T cells*** • viral genome separates from host DNA & retained as extrachromosomal episomes wrapped in nucleosomes.
HHV4/EBV
35
HHV4/ EBV Major target cell: _______. Latent state. Without undergoing a period of complete viral replication. Undergoes sporadic reactivation & lytic replication.
B lymphocyte
36
HHV4/ EBV Patterns of latent viral gene expression recognized: •_____ (EBNA1, 2, 3A-3C, LP) •_____ (LMP1, 2) •_____ (EBER1, 2)
EBV nuclear antigens Latent membrane proteins Small EBV encoded RNAs
37
• Hallmarks of latency: Viral persistence, restricted virus expression, & the potential for reactivation & lytic replication.
EPSTEIN-BARR Virus (EBV) Infections in Humans
38
• IP-30-50 days • headache, fever, malaise, fatigue, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes & spleen, some signs of hepatitis; • self-limiting infection lasting 2-4 weeks; increased WBC, lymphocytes predominant (also atypical)
Infectious Mononucleosis (IM, Mono, glandular fever)
39
EBV CANCERS
Burkitt lymphoma Nasopharugeal carcinoma EBV-associated lymphoproliferative diseases Oral hairy leukoplakia Primary CNS non-Hodgkin lymphomas Classic Hodgkin disease
40
EPSTEIN-BARR Virus (EBV) Infections in Humans - B cell lymphoma, tumor of the jaw; ***most common cancer in African children & young adults*** with ***malaria as a recognized cofactor***
Burkitt lymphoma
41
EPSTEIN-BARR Virus (EBV) Infections in Humans a cancer of epithelial cells common in males of ***Chinese & southeastern Asian origin***
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
42
EPSTEIN-BARR Virus (EBV) Infections in Humans 1-10% of transplant patients
EBV-associated lymphoproliferative diseases
43
EPSTEIN-BARR Virus (EBV) Infections in Humans - ***AIDS patients, a wart-like growth that develops on the tongue, *** an epithelial focus of EBV replication
Oral hairy leukoplakia
44
EPSTEIN-BARR Virus (EBV) Infections in Humans - rare, occurs when ***cancerous cells form in the lymph tissue*** of the brain and/or spinal cord
Primary CNS non-Hodgkin lymphomas
45
EPSTEIN-BARR Virus (EBV) Infections in Humans B-cell lymphoma characterized by distinctive immunophenotype viral genome ***detected in Reed-Sternberg cells*** (bilobed nucleus) resembling "owl's eye" appearance in up to 50% of cases
Classic Hodgkin disease
46
• ubiquitous, ***most common cause of congenital viral infection*** • with severe abnormalities • Inapparent infection ***common in childhood and adolescence*** • Severe infections ***frequent among immunosuppressed adults***
HHV 5 or CMV Infections in Humans
47
• Manifest as ***cytomegalic inclusion disease*** • ***Massive enlargement of CMV*** infected cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies, perinuclear cytoplasmic inclusions & multinucleated cells
HHV 5 or CMV Infections in Humans
48
•- has the ***largest genetic content among HHVs;*** 240 kbp DNA genome - a cell surface glycoprotein acts as an Fc receptor that can nonspecifically bind the Fc portion of immunoglobulins (helps evade immune elimination) • ***Replicates in human fibroblasts, *** although often isolated from epithelial cells
HHV 5 or CMV Infections in Humans
49
Spread by close, intimate contact (saliva, urine, bodily fluids), sexual contact, via breast milk, transplanted organs, rarely blood transfusions
HHV 5 or CMV Infections in Humans
50
4-8 weeks incubation, cause systemic infections Isolated from lung, liver, esophagus, colon, kidneys, monocytes, T & B lymphocytes
HHV 5 or CMV Infections in Humans
51
• Manifests as ***infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome (IM, Mono, glandular fever) (10%)***
HHV 5 or CMV Infections in Humans
52
• Establishes lifelong latent infections; shed intermittently from the pharynx, in the urine for months to years after primary infection, cell-mediated immunity depressed with primary infections - contributes to viral persistence • At risk for severe, disseminated infections: those receiving hematopoietic stem cell and organ transplants, with malignant tumors receiving chemotherapy, and with AIDS
HHV 5 or CMV Infections in Humans
53
Associated Diseases: • ***Primary CMV infection of older children and adults*** - usually asymptomatic, occasionally spontaneous IM syndrome. 20-50% of heterophile-negative (non-EBV) mononucleosis cases. CMV-IM - milder. Virus is shed in the saliva & urine for weeks or months.
Normal hosts HHV 5 or CMV Infections in Humans
54
• Increased morbidity/mortality with primary & recurrent CMV infections - pneumonia, colitis, retinitis, hepatitis, or cause disseminated infection. ***Viral reactivation common in transplant recipients*** (leukopenia, bronchiolitis, graft atherosclerosis, renal allograft rejection) and untreated AIDS patients (chorioretinitis-progressive blindness)
Immunocompromised hosts HHV 5 or CMV Infections in Humans
55
(mothers previously infected - CMV reactivation during pregnancy)
Congenital and perinatal infections HHV 5 or CMV Infections in Humans
56
• _____in neonates intrauterine growth retardation, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, microcephaly, retinitis. 20% mortality. Survivors: ***severe hearing loss*** (10% deafness), ***ocular abnormalities, *** ***mental retardation*** (1 in 100,000, US)
CMV syndrome
57
• May result in ***death of fetus in utero;*** involves the CNS & RES of newborns;
HHV 5 or CMV Infections in Humans
58
(emerging pathogen)
HHV-6
59
HHV-6 (emerging pathogen) • ______- common in ***skin biopsy specimens*** from immunocompromised patients; a possible cofactor in AIDS progression •_______ - cell receptor of HHV-6 (all nucleated cells)
HHV-6A CD46
60
HHV-6 (emerging pathogen) •_____ the primary etiologic agent in ***roseola infantum, exanthem subitum, or "sixth disease";*** children (6m-1y)/adults (90%) •______-TNFRSF4
HHV-6B CD134
61
sixth disease
• HHV-6B
62
***T-lymphotropic, *** first isolated from CD4+ T cells of a healthy person; CD as cellular receptor
HHV-7
63
• Immunologically distinct from HHV-6 but share about 50% homology at the DNA level • Similar to HHV-6 - ubiquitous and infections in late childhood • Persistent infections established in salivary glands
HHV7
64
• Primary: ***roseola infantum (exanthem subitum) in infants and young children, *** may cause ***febrile seizures in infants*** and ***meningitis in children***
HHV7
65
• Sixth Disease • Roseola infantum • Exanthem subitum • Baby Measles • High fever (3-5 days) • Maculopapular skin rashes
HHV-6 & HHV-7
66
Childhood rash diseases: 1st - measles; 2nd - scarlet fever; 3d - rubella (German), 4th - Filatove-Duke's disease (SSSS), no longer used, nonspecific; 5th - parvovirus B19)
67
Lymphotropic; striking feature of the virus - ***molecular piracy of cell regulatory genes*** (genome contains genes involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, & host responses - cyclin D, cytokines, chemokine receptor)
HHV-8 or KSHV Infections in Humans
68
Not ubiquitous. Contact with oral secretions (most common), also transmitted sexually, vertically by blood & through organ transplantation. Detected in breast milk samples in Africa (acquired early in life)
HHV-8 or KSHV Infections in Humans
69
lesions involve the skin or mucosal surfaces. Are purplish/violet, reddish blue or dark brown/black macules, plaques, and nodules that may bleed & ulcerate easily.
HHV-8 or KSHV Infections in Humans
70
• Agent of [1] ***Kaposi sarcoma*** (HIV) - neoplasm of endothelial cells, [2] plasmablastic form of multicentric ***Castleman disease*** & [3] ***primary effusion lymphoma***
HHV-8 or KSHV Infections in Humans
71
• An old-world-monkey herpesvirus that displays severe pathogenicity in humans. • A neurotropic virus - causes encephalitis resulting in permanent neurological dysfunction & death, 60% mortality
Herpes B Virus Macacine herspesvirus or Herpesvirus simiae (formerly Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1)
72
Herpes B Virus Macacine herspesvirus or Herpesvirus simiae (formerly Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1) • Reservoir: most common in____ with no signs of overt disease (70% seroprevalence)
macaques
73
• MOT: ***Direct contact with macaques*** (bite, scratch, or when tissue or fluids from a monkey got on broken skin or splashed on eyes (A case in 1992 when a researcher died) or by ***needle stick or cut.*** • In 1932, first documented case, a researcher was bitten, died 15 days later of encephalomyelitis, 50 cases reported.
Herpes B Virus Macacine herspesvirus or Herpesvirus simiae (formerly Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1)
74

MycoViro (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions