Week 1 - FUNGAL REPRODUCTION

Question 1

Fungi reproduce primarily through the formation of_____, which can either be produced sexually or asexually.

Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of two compatible mating types to form a zygote, followed by_____ to produce haploid spores.

In asexual reproduction, spores are formed through_____, leading to the production of genetically identical offspring.

Answer 1

spores

meiosis

mitosis

Question 2

FUNGAL REPRODUCTION

Different names:
•_________ (teleomorph)
•_________ (anamorph)

• Since January 1, 2013, use of teleomorph (sexual name) and anamorph (asexual name) has been prohibited.

Answer 2

Ajellomyces capsulatum

Histoplasma capsulatum

Question 3

Sexual Reproduction in Fungi

Sexual reproduction in fungi is a complex process that involves three main phases, where opposite gametes (reproductive cells) mate to form a______, and then undergo further processes to produce______.

Answer 3

zygote

sexual spores

Question 4

3 phases of sexual reproduction:

Answer 4

Plasmogamy
Karyogamy
Meiosis

Question 5

– fusion of opposite but compatible mating types

Answer 5

Plasmogamy

Question 6

– fusion of 2 nuclei to form a diploid nucleus

Answer 6

Karyogamy

Question 7

By_______, diploid nucleus gives rise to haploid spores

Answer 7

meiosis

Question 8

Important SEXUAL SPORES in Fungi (3)

Answer 8

Zygospore
Ascospore
Basidiospore

Question 9

Enclosed in a thick wall

Nucleic fusion of morphologically similar cells

Answer 9

Zygospore

Question 10

Rhizopus, Mucor

Answer 10

Zygospore

Question 11

Produced in ascus (sac-like); 2-8 spores/ascus

Nucleic fusion of morphologically dissimilar cells

Answer 11

Ascospore

Question 12

Histoplasma capsulatum

Answer 12

Ascospore

Question 13

formed externally on a base pedestal called basidium

Answer 13

Basidiospore

Question 14

Mushroom

Answer 14

Basidiospore

Question 15

• Fusion of two compatible mating types
• diploid spores enclosed in a thick wall
• Thick-walled resting spores in some fungi

Answer 15

ZYGOSPORES

Question 16

• endospores; produced in ascus (thin-
walled sac) containing 2-8 haploid
ascospores
• Nucleic fusion of morphologically
dissimilar cells

Answer 16

ASCOSPORES

Question 17

• Exospores formed externally on a base pedestal called Basidium (typically contains 4 basidiospores)
• Sexual fusion of compatible nuclei
followed by meiosis

Answer 17

BASIDIOSPORE

Question 18

Examples: Teleomorphs of Cryptococcus: genera - Filobasidium and Filobasidiella

Answer 18

BASIDIOSPORE

Question 19

Asexual Reproduction Process

In asexual reproduction, fungi create______ that can germinate into new individuals. These spores are often produced in specialized structures like______, which play a crucial role in spore formation. Once these spores are formed, they are dispersed to new locations, where they can germinate and grow into new fungal colonies.

Answer 19

asexual spores

fruiting bodies

Question 20

SPORE GERMINATION
_______: Principal structure - asexual spores

Answer 20

Fruiting body

Question 21

• Asexual spores are dispersed through various mechanisms, such as wind, water, or by animals, depending on the fungal species.

• This is essential for the spread of fungi and colonization of new environments.

Answer 21

Spore Dispersal

Question 22

Important ASEXUAL SPORES in Fungi

Answer 22

Arthospore
Blastospore
Chlamydospore
Conidiospore
Sporangiospore

Question 23

•Vegetative;

formed by fragmentation of septate hypha into single slightly thickened cells

Answer 23

Arthrospore or arthroconidia

Question 24

•Vegetative;

consist of a bud coming off a parent cell

Answer 24

Blastospore

Question 25

•Vegetative; thick-walled spores ***formed along the periphery or tip of the hyphae***

Answer 25

Chlamydospore

Question 26

•Aerial; microconidia (unicellular) and macroconidia (multicellular) Produced in a ***chain at the end of conidiophore***

Answer 26

Conidiospore

Question 27

• spores within a ***sac*** (sporangium) • Attached to a ***specialized hyphae*** (sporangiophore)

Answer 27

Sporangiospore

Question 28

Arthrospore or arthroconidia (3)

Answer 28

Coccidioides Trichosporon Geotrichum

Question 29

Blastospore (2)

Answer 29

Candida Cryptococcus

Question 30

Chlamydospore (2)

Answer 30

Candida albicans C. dubliniensis

Question 31

Conidiospore (3)

Answer 31

Aspergillus Penicillium Trichophyton

Question 32

Sporangiospore

Answer 32

Rhizopus Mucor

Question 33

________reproduction is a unique form of genetic exchange that occurs without meiosis

Answer 33

Parasexual

Question 34

Parasexual reproduction involves the following key steps: •: A heterokaryon is a structure that contains two different haploid nuclei within the same thallus (fungal body). •: The fusion of these two haploid nuclei leads to genetic recombination through mitotic mechanisms, rather than meiosis. • Occurrence in____: Parasexual reproduction is mostly observed in the class Deuteromycetes (imperfect fungi), where sexual reproduction is not observed.

Answer 34

Heterokaryon Formation Genetic Exchange Imperfect Fungi

Question 35

(thallus w/ 2 haploid nuclei of 2 different genotypes)

Answer 35

heterokaryon

Question 36

(imperfect fungi)

Answer 36

Deuteromycetes