HISTO LEC - Bone and Cartilage Flashcards
1
Q
Consistency of ECM of cartilage
A
gel-like
2
Q
a type of supportive CT which Bear Mechanical Stress without permanent distortion
A
cartilage
3
Q
components of cartilage
A
chondrocytes and ECM
4
Q
the chondrocytes of cartilage are located in a
A
lacuna
5
Q
a component of cartilage responsible for the synthesis and excretion of ECM materials
A
chondrocytes
6
Q
nourishment of cartilage is through
A
diffusion
7
Q
cartilage is vascular or avascular
A
avascular
8
Q
a dense irregular CT w/c surrounds the cartilage
vascular; has nerves and lymphatic vessels
A
perichondrium
9
Q
perichondrium is only present in
A
hyaline and elastic cartilage
10
Q
most common and most studied cartilage
A
hyaline
11
Q
glassy and transparent/translucent cartilage
A
hyaline
12
Q
bluish white and transluscent cartilage
A
hyaline
13
Q
type of cartilage that serves as a temporary skeleton of the bone
A
hyaline
14
Q
location of hyaline cartilage
A
Location: trachea, larynx, bronchi, anterior ends of ribs,
15
Q
Function of hyaline
A
provides smooth surface for movement of joints,
flexibility and support
16
Q
cartilage which Contains elastic fibers
Function = gives support, maintains shape, allows flexibility
A
elastic cartilage
17
Q
cartilage Yellowish color when unstained
A
elastic cartilage
18
Q
location of elastic cartilage
A
Found in external ear, auditory tubes, epiglottis.
19
Q
Function of elastic cartilage
A
gives support, maintains shape, allows flexibility
20
Q
type of cartilage Intermediate between Dense CT and Hyaline CT
A
fibrocartilage
21
Q
type of cartilage
contains bundles of collagen in the matrix that are usually more visible under microscopy
A
fibrocartilage
22
Q
location of fibrocartilage
A
Found in the pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs, and attachments of certain ligaments.
23
Q
Function of fibrocartilage
A
support and fusion, and absorbs shocks.
24
Q
cartilage that Do not possess distinct perichondrium
A
fibrocartilage
25
major component of intervertebral disks
```
Annulus fibrosus (Type I collagen)
Nucleus Pulposus (Hyaluronic acid)
```
26
type of supportive CT
Main constituent of the adult skeleton (206)
Mineralized Tissue
OSSEOUS TISSUE
27
Functions of osseous tissue:
>Support soft tissues and provides attachment
>Protects internal organs
>Stores minerals
>Hematopoiesis
28
component of osseous tissue responsible for tenacity,
| elasticity, resilience
organic or living components
29
component of osseous tissue responsible for hardness and rigidity
Inorganic (non- living) components
30
found in lacuna(cavities), between layers (lamellae) of the bone matrix; located exclusively at the the surface of the bone matrix
Osteocytes:
31
bone formers; synthesize the organic components (peptidogycans, matrix products and type I collagen)
Osteoblasts:
32
giant cells involved in bone resorption and remodelling of bone tissue; and they are found in the endosteum
Osteoclasts:
33
mature bone cells
osteocytes
34
```
structural element of osseous tissue
thin cylindrical spaces
function for communication and exchange
```
Canaliculi:
35
function of canaliculi
function for communication and exchange
36
Forms the foci of hydroxyapatite formation
Matrix vesicles
37
New bone layer
Osteoid
38
Other secretions of the osteoblast
Osteocalcin
39
Osteoblast are derived from
Osteoprogenitor cells
40
Found in the endoteum and periosteum
Osteoblasts
41
Young form of osteocytes
Osteoblasts
42
Shape of lacuna
Spindle
43
Shape of osteocyte
Almond
44
Almond shaped with long cytoplasmic granules that penetrate the canaliculu
Osteocytes
45
Location of osteoclasts
Resorption bays or howship lacunae
46
Active state of osteoblasts
Cuboidal to columnar shape
47
Active state of osteoclast
Ruffled border
48
How many percent of matrix is inirganic
50%
49
3 components of matrix
Hydroxyapatite
Type I collagen
Osteonectin (promote calcification)
50
Fibers that bind periosteum to bone
Sharpey's fibers
51
Compact bone made up of
Osteob
52
Spongy bone made up of
Spicules/trabeculae
53
Types of periosteum
Fibrous layer
| Cellular layer
54
Found in haversian canal
Function forcommunication between osteons
Horizontal junctions
Volkmann's canals
55
Location of brown adipose tissue
limited distribution
56
Location of reticular tissue
liver, spleen, lymph node
57
Location of adenoid tissue
Peyer's patches, lamina propria in villi of small intestine
58
Function of dense regular
provides attachment
59
function of dense irregular
provides strength
60
> support structures with some pressure and low friction
| > areolar tissues
Loose CT
61
> resistance and protection
> predominance of collagen fibers
> dense regular or dense irregular
Dense CT
62
type of CT proper
| Very common type of CT
Loose
63
type of CT proper
| Supports epithelial tissues, forms a layer around blood vessels and fills the spaces between muscle and nerve fibers
Loose
64
type of CT proper
Contains all the CT components
> fibroblasts and macrophages (numerous)
> fibers
Loose
65
type of CT proper
| Flexible, well vascularized but not very resistant to stress.
Loose
66
type of Loose CT
consists of all 3 types of fibers, several types of cells, and semi-fluid ground substance
Areolar CT
67
type of Loose CT
| found in subcutaneous layer and mucous membranes, and around blood vessels, nerves and organs
Areolar CT
68
```
type of Loose CT
function = strength, support and elasticity
```
Areolar CT
69
consists of adipocytes;
| "signet ring" appearing fat cells.
Adipose tissue
70
supports, protects and insulates, and serves as an energy reserve
Adipose tissue
71
Location: found in subcutaneous layer, around organs and in the yellow marrow of long bones
Adipose tissue
72
function = supports, protects and insulates, and serves as an energy reserve
Adipose tissue
73
type of adipose
long term energy storage
unilocular; signet ring appearance
White Adipose
74
why the multilocular adipose tissue is brown
many mitochondria
75
type of adipose
heat production
multilocular; limited distribution
brown
76
type of loose CT
| Consists of fine interlacing reticular fibers and reticular cells
Reticular CT
77
type of loose CT
| Function = forms the framework (stroma) of organs and binds together smooth muscle tissue cells
Reticular CT
78
type of loose CT
| Found in liver, spleen and lymph nodes
Reticular CT
79
type of loose
Description:
consists of widely scattered fibroblasts embedded in jellylike ground substance
Mucous
80
Type of CT proper
| Provide better resistance and protection
dense CT
81
Type of CT proper
| Fewer cells and more fibers (collagen)
Dense CT
82
Consist mainly of collagen fibers arranged in parallel patterns
Dense Regular
83
Location:
tendons, ligament
Function:
provides attachment
Dense Regular
84
Description:
consists of collagen fibers randomly arranged and few fibroblast
Location:
perichondrium of cartilage, various organs (liver and kidney), pericardium of the heart
Function:
provides strength
dense irregular
85
irregularly scattered in a loose manner
Seen in: lamina propia of the villi of the small intestines and in some lymphoid organs
and Peyer’s patches.
adenoid tissue
86
Dense/compact lymphoid tissue consists of abundant lymphoid cells closely packed together, either as lymph nodules/lymph follicles or lymphatic cords.
adenoid tissue
87
ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE FIRM CONSISTENCY OF CARTILAGE
GAGS PROTEOGLYCANS AND MACROMOLECULES AND FIBERS
88
location of hyaline
trachea
bronchi
anterior ends of ribs
larynx
89
functions of hyaline
provide smooth surface for movement of joints
| flexibility and support
90
component of the matrix of hyaline
| binds to GAGs, collagen type II and integrins to mediate adherence
chondronectin
91
composition of hyaline matrix
40% Type II collagen, type 6 and type 9
92
hyaline matrix is embedded in a
gel of proteoglycans and structural glycoproteins
93
shape of young chondrocytes
elliptical
94
group of chondrocytes is called
isogenous aggregates
95
metabolism of chondrocytes
anaerobic
96
growth of chondrocytes is maintained by
somatotropin
97
perichondrium is composed of what type of collagen
type I
98
Cartilage with elastic fibers
elastic cartilage
99
color of elastic cartilage when unstained
yellow
100
function of elastic cartilage
maintain shape, support, flexibility
101
elastic cartilage is found in
epiglottis, auditory tube, external ear
102
function of fibrocartilage
absorbs shock
| support and fusion
103
location of fibrocaartilage
pubic symphysis
| intervertebral discs
104
another name for type I collagen
annulus fibrosus
105
another name for hyaluronic acid
nucleus pulposus
106
functions of osseous tissue
```
protects internal organs
stores minerals
hematopoiesis
supports soft tissues
provides attachment
```
107
type of bone cells
| ; synthesize the organic components (peptidogycans, matrix products and type I collagen)
osteoblast
108
location of osteoclasts
endosteum
109
location of osteoblasts
endosteum and periosteum
110
a CT layer composed of osteoprogenitor cells that would later become osteoblasts and these are important in bone growth and repair
periosteum
111
target is the osteoblast and controls it activity by inhibiting osteoid production and release of a cytokine called osteoclast stimulating factor
PTH
112
target of PTH
osteoblast
113
new uncalcified layer is called
osteoid
114
other secretions of osteoblasts
osteocalcin
115
perforating canals; transverse or oblique canals
Volkmann Canal:
116
type of membrane
Line sealed internal cavities
Forms transudate
serous membrane
117
type of membrane
Line cavities that communicate with the exterior
Contain lamina propria
Mucous membranes
118
type of membrane
| Covers the body surface
cutaneous
119
type of membrane
Incomplete lining within joint cavities
Produces synovial fluid which provides oxygen and nutrients to the chondrocytes
Synovial membrane
120
Location of white adipose tissue
--
121
Location of mucous CT
wharton's jelly of the umbilical cord
122
Location of dense regular
tendons, ligaments
123
Location of dense irregular
perichondrium of cartilage, pericardium of heart, various organs (liver and kidney)
124
Location of Areolar
found in subcutaneous layer and mucous membranes, and around blood vessels, nerves and organs
125
Location of loose CT
--
126
Function of Mucous Tissue
support
127
Function of Adenoid TIssue
?
128
Function of Reticular Tissue
forms stroma of organs
| binds smooth muscle tissue cells
129
Function of Brown Adipose Tissue
heat production
130
Function of White Adipose Tissue
long term energy storage
131
Function of Dense CT
resistance and protection
132
Function of Areolar CT
strength, support and elasticity
133
Function of Loose CT
Support structure with some degree of pressure and low friction
134
Types of Specialized CT
Bone
Cartilage
Blood
135
Classification of CT
CT Proper and Specialized CT
136
Types of Loose CT
Areolar
Adenoid
Mucous
Reticular
137
Types of CT Proper
dense CT
| Loose CT
138
Regions where bones are capped and surrounded by CT
Joints
139
Holds the bones together
Joints
140
Joinfree bone movement
Diarthroses
141
Joint
| Limited or no bone movement
Synarthroses
142
> CT Linings of osseous tissue
> Endosteum
| > Periosteum
