Plant Chemistry Part 1

Question 1

Common properties of phenolic compounds

Answer 1

• resonance stabilization
• antioxidants
• anti-inflammatories
• anti-cancer
• many are colorful

Question 2

phenolics

Answer 2

aromatic ring with an OH group

Question 3

polyphenols

Answer 3

phenolic ring w/ poly-hydroxylation

high molecular weight molecules w/ many hydroxyl groups linked together

Question 4

phenolic glycosides

Answer 4

phenolic moiety + sugar moiety

Question 5

are smaller molecules volatile?

Answer 5

Yes!

Question 6

eugenol

Answer 6

volatile simple phenolic molecule

Question 7

what plants is eugenol present in?

Answer 7

syzygium aromaticum
artemesia spp
cinnamomum spp
ocimum spp

Question 8

methyl salicylate

Answer 8

volatile phenolic molecule found in wintergreen & birch

Question 9

glycone

Answer 9

the sugar moiety in a phenolic glycoside

Question 10

aglycone

Answer 10

phenolic portion of a phenolic glycoside

Question 11

arbutin

Answer 11

phenolic glycoside found in arctostaphylos uva ursi

Question 12

phenolic acids

Answer 12

at least one phenolic ring with an acidic carboxyl group

Question 13

ellagic acid

Answer 13

phenolic acid found in berries, grapes and pomegranate

anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic

Question 14

gallic acid

Answer 14

phenolic acid found in grapes, berries, nuts

anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic

Question 15

salycylic acid

Answer 15

phenolic acid

anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic

Question 16

Tannins

Answer 16

astringent!

cross-link collagen fibers tightening tissues

Question 17

tannin structure

Answer 17

phenolic acids with ester linkages to a central glucose molecule

Question 18

coumarins

Answer 18

derivatives of alpha-pyrone

aromatic w/ a fresh-cut-grass aroma

Question 19

furanocoumarins

Answer 19

have a photosensitizing effect

responsible for grapefruit juice effect: CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 inhibitors

Question 20

plants that contain coumarins

Answer 20

archangelicin
umbelliferone
aesculetin

Question 21

plants that contain furanocoumarins

Answer 21

bergapten

psoralen