cell cycle histo lec

Question 1

CELL TYPES based on function

Answer 1

somatic

reproductive

Question 2

CELL TYPES based on function

		- from the body of organisms
		- maintain life processes

Answer 2

Somatic cell

Question 3

CELL TYPES based on function
- production of offspring
- animals : gametes
(eggs & sperm)

Answer 3

Reproductive cell

Question 4

CELL TYPES based on chromosome number

Answer 4

2N - diploid (- specific for each organism )

N - haploid

Question 5

Cell death purposes (2)

Answer 5

to replace with new cells

and to maintain cell number

Question 6

cells have just entered a phase of cellular growth

• longest and most variable phase
• active RNA and protein synthesis

Answer 6

G1 -

Question 7

synthesis of new DNA/chromosome duplication

-beginning of centrosome duplication

Answer 7

S-

Question 8

cells have double complement of cellular DNA; resting prior to cell division

Answer 8

G2 –

Question 9

• involved in the chromosome movement

Answer 9

Centriole

Question 10

• Membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm

Answer 10

Nuclear Membrane

Question 11

parts of chromosome

Answer 11

centromere

chromatid kinetochore

Question 12

• attachment for microtubule of mitotic spindle

Answer 12

Kinetochore

Question 13

Chromatin thickens into chromosomes

Centriole pairs move to opposite ends of the cell

Spindle fibers begin to form

Nuclear membrane &
nucleoli disintegrates

Answer 13

prophase

Question 14

Chromosomes align along the metaphase plate

Chromosomes attached to the spindle fiber through kinetochores

Answer 14

Metaphase

Question 15

Paired chromosomes separate and move to opposite sides of the cell

Separation of centromeres

Separated chromosomes are called daughter chromosomes

Answer 15

Anaphase

Question 16

Chromatids arrive at opposite poles of cell

Spindle fibers disintegrate

Nuclear membrane reforms

Nucleoli reappear
Contractile ring (eventually will be cleavage furrow) develops

Answer 16

Telophase

Question 17

Cytoplasm divides

Produces two daughter cells, each with one nucleus
2n-diploid

Answer 17

cytoplasm

Question 18

Field of study in genetics which analyzes the number and structure of human and animal chromosomes.

Answer 18

cytogenetics

Question 19

test to examine chromosomes in a sample of cells, which can help identify genetic problems as the cause of a disorder or disease

Answer 19

karyotyping

Question 20

Chromosomal Diseases

Answer 20

Down syndrome
Turner syndrome
Klinefelter syndrome
Cri-du-chat syndrome

Question 21

ageneticcondition in which a person has 47chromosomesinstead of the usual 46.

- occurs when there is an extra copy of chromosome 21
- extra chromosome causes problems with the way the body and brain develop.

Answer 21

Down syndrome

Question 22

Symptoms of Down syndrome

Answer 22

Widely- recognized appearance
Clinodactyly
Floppy
Smaller and abnormally shaped head

Question 23

• a raregeneticcondition in which a female does not have the usual pair of two X chromosomes.
  
  • The condition only occurs in females.
  • female patient has only one X chromosome. (Others may have two X chromosomes, but one of them is incomplete.)

Answer 23

turner syndrome

Question 24

symptom of turner syndrome in young infants

Answer 24

swollen hands and feet

Question 25

symptom of turner syndrome in older females (7)

Answer 25

``` drooping eyelids dry eyes absence or no development during puberty broad and flat chest infertility no periods short height ```

Question 26

a genetic disorder in which there is at least one extra X chromosome for a total of 47 chromosomes rather than the 46 have at least two X chromosomes and at least one Y chromosome. genetic material in the sperm splits unevenly Not hereditary

Answer 26

klinefelter

Question 27

klinefelter is also known as also known as 

Answer 27

47,XXY 

Question 28

chromosomal disease that does not show symptoms

Answer 28

klinefelter

Question 29

effects of klinefelter (2)

Answer 29

hypogonadism | sterility

Question 30

other names for cri du chat syndrome

Answer 30

chromosome 5p deletion syndrome,  5p− syndrome   Lejeune’s syndrome

Question 31

rare genetic disorder due to a missing part (deletion) of chromosome 5

Answer 31

cri du chat

Question 32

characteristic cat-like cry of affected children (meowing kitten) problems with the larynx and nervous system,

Answer 32

cri du chat

Question 33

cri du chat is more common in

Answer 33

females

Question 34

symptoms of cri du chat

Answer 34

feeding problems because of difficulty swallowing and sucking; low birth weight and poor growth; severe cognitive, speech, and motor delays behavioral problems such as hyperactivity, aggression, tantrums, and repetitive movements; unusual facial features which may change over time; small head and jaw; wide eyes;