Histo Stains Flashcards
(97 cards)
1
Q
Masson trichrome - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
A
Collagen/Muscle - Collagen - Blue or green
2
Q
Verhoeff-van Gieson - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
A
Collagen/Muscle - Collagen - Red
3
Q
Aldehyde fuchsin (Gomori) - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
A
Collagen/Muscle - Collagen - Red
4
Q
Mallory triple stain or trichrome stain (aniline blue) - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
A
Collagen/Muscle - Collagen - Blue
5
Q
PTAH (phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin) - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
A
Collagen/Muscle - Collagen - Red
6
Q
Muscle/fibrin - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
A
Collagen/Muscle - Blue -
7
Q
Movat’s pentachrome - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
A
Collagen/Muscle - Collagen - Yellow
8
Q
Verhoeff-van Gieson - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
A
Elastic Tissue - Elastic fibers - Black
9
Q
Orcein-Giemsa (Pinkus acid orcein) - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
A
Elastic Tissue - Elastic fibers - Black
10
Q
Aldehyde fuchsin (Gomori) - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
A
Elastic Tissue - Elastic fibers - Blue or purple
11
Q
Movat’s pentachrome - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
A
Elastic Tissue - Elastic fibers - Black
12
Q
Bodian - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
A
Nerve - Nerve fibers - Black
13
Q
Oil-red-O - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
A
Fat - Lipid - Red
14
Q
Sudan black B - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
A
Fat - Lipid - Black
15
Q
Scarlet red - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
A
Fat - Lipid - Red brown
16
Q
Fontana-Masson - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
A
Melanin - Melanin - Black
17
Q
Orcein-Giemsa - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
A
Melanin - Melanin - Brown-black
18
Q
Silver nitrate - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
A
Melanin - Melanin - Black
19
Q
Perls - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
A
Hemosiderin - Hemosiderin/iron (not melanin) - Bright blue
20
Q
Prussian blue - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
A
Hemosiderin - Iron/hemosiderin - Blue
21
Q
Turnbull’s blue - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
A
Hemosiderin - Iron/hemosiderin - Blue
22
Q
Alizarin Red S - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
A
Calcium - Ca++ - Reddish orange
23
Q
Von Kossa - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
A
Calcium - Ca++ - Brown black
24
Q
Toluidine blue - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
A
Mucin/Mucopolysaccharide - Acid MPS - Purple
25
Alcian blue - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
Mucin/Mucopolysaccharide - Acid MPS (pH 2.5), Sulfated MPS (pH 0.5) - Blue
26
Aldehyde fuchsin (Gomori) - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
Mucin/Mucopolysaccharide - Acid MPS, elastic tissue - Blue
27
Colloidal iron - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
Mucin/Mucopolysaccharide - Acid MPS - Blue
28
Crystal violet - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
Mucin/Mucopolysaccharide - Acid MPS - Purple with blue background
29
Mucicarmine - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
Mucin/Mucopolysaccharide - “Epithelial” mucin - Bright pink ( Paget’s , cryptococcus capsule)
30
Giemsa - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
Mucin/Mucopolysaccharide - Acid MPS - Metachromatically purple
31
PAS - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
Mucin/Mucopolysaccharide - Neutral MPS - Pink
32
Congo red - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
Amyloid - Amyloid - Pink-red, green birefringence with polarization
33
Crystal violet - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
Amyloid - Amyloid - Purple with blue background
34
Thioflavin T - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
Amyloid - Amyloid - Yellow fluorescence under fluorescent microscope
35
Scarlet red - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
Amyloid - Amyloid - Red
36
Orcein-Giemsa - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
Amyloid - Amyloid - Light blue
37
Leder (chloroacetate esterase) - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
Mast Cells - Granules - Red
38
Giemsa - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
Mast Cells - Granules - Purple
39
Toluidine blue - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
Mast Cells - Granules - Purple
40
Tryptase - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
Mast Cells - Granules - Red to brown
41
Gram stain - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
Bacteria - Gram positive - Gm Post - Blue, Brown-Brenn and Brown-Hopps – modified gram stain. GM Negative - Red.
42
Fite - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
Bacteria - M. leprae, Nocardia - Red, Fite better than Ziehl-Neelsen for more delicate M. leprae bacilli
43
Ziehl-Neelsen - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
Bacteria - Acid fast bacteria - Red
44
Warthin-Starry - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
Bacteria - Spirochetes - Black
45
Steiner - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
Bacteria - Spirochetes - Black
46
Giemsa - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
Bacteria - Leishmania, Histoplasma, Rickettsia - Purple to blue
47
Methyl green-pyronin - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
DNA/RNA - RNA - Pink-red
48
DNA - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
DNA/RNA - Blue-green -
49
Feulgen - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
DNA/RNA - DNA only - Magenta
50
GMS (Gomori methenamine silver) - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
Fungi - Donovan bodies, fungi - Black
51
PAS (Periodic acid-Schiff) - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
Fungi - Fungi, neutral MPS, glycogen - Red
52
Grocott - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour
Fungi - Fungi - Fungus cell wall: black
53
Cytokeratin (Keratin) - ?Normal Location - ?Positive In
Epithelial cells, +/- sweat glands - Types of keratin: AE1 (low molecular weight): basal epidermis, sweat glandsAE3 (high molecular weight): mid to superficial epidermisCAM 5.2: Paget’s disease; CK 7: Paget’s disease; CK 20: Merkel cell carcinoma - Epithelial tumors, some adnexal tumors
54
S100 - ?Normal Location - ?Positive In
Melanocytes, neural cells, smooth/skeletal muscle cells, Langerhans cells, eccrine and apocrine glands, chondrocytes - Langerhans cell histiocytosis, melanoma, granular cell tumor, eccrine neoplasms, neural tumors, liposarcoma
55
HMB-45 - ?Normal Location - ?Positive In
Melanocytes (less sensitive but more specific than S100) - Melanoma, some normal nevi, Spitz nevus, angiomyolipoma, breast carcinoma. Of note, MART-1/Melan A and Mel-5 comparable to HMB-45
56
CEA (Carcinoembryonic antigen) - ?Normal Location - ?Positive In
Eccrine glands - Paget’s disease, extramammary Paget’s, epithelioid sarcoma (sometimes), sweat gland tumors, adenocarcinomas (gastric, lung, breast, etc)
57
EMA (Epithelial membrane antigen) - ?Normal Location - ?Positive In
Eccrine glands, some epithelial malignancies - Paget’s disease, merkel cell carcinoma, meningioma, epithelioid sarcoma, most epithelial tumors
58
Desmin - ?Normal Location - ?Positive In
Muscle cells (skeletal and smooth muscle) - Leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma, glomus cell tumor (focally +), embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
59
Vimentin - ?Normal Location - ?Positive In
Muscle cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, histiocytes, lymphocytes, Schwann cells, melanocytes - Mesenchymal tumors (sarcomas, lymphomas, atypical fibroxanthoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans), melanoma, glomus cell tumor
60
Smooth muscle actin - ?Normal Location - ?Positive In
Myofibroblasts, muscle cells - Glomus tumors, smooth muscle tumors, some atypical fibroxanthomas
61
Neuron specific enolase (NSE) - ?Normal Location - ?Positive In
Nonspecific neuroendocrine marker - Granular cell tumor, merkel cell carcinoma, other neuroendocrine tumors, some melanocytic tumors (melanoma), schwannoma
62
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) - ?Normal Location - ?Positive In
Glial cells, astrocytes, Schwann cells -
63
Chromogranin - ?Normal Location - ?Positive In
Neuroendocrine neoplasms - Merkel cell carcinoma
64
Synaptophysin - ?Normal Location - ?Positive In
Neuroendocrine neoplasms - Merkel cell carcinoma
65
Myelin basic protein (MBP) - ?Normal Location - ?Positive In
Myelin sheath tissue, Schwann cells - Neurofibroma, neuroma, granular cell tumor
66
Factor VIII related antigen (von Willebrand) - ?Normal Location - ?Positive In
Endothelial cells (not as sensitive as CD31) - Vascular tumors (both benign and malignant)
67
CD31 - ?Normal Location - ?Positive In
Monocytes, granulocytes, T/B cells, endothelial cells - Vascular neoplasms (angiosarcoma)
68
Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA) - ?Normal Location - ?Positive In
Endothelial cells, most eccrine glands, keratinocytes - Vascular tumors
69
CD34 - ?Normal Location - ?Positive In
Benign and malignant vascular tumors, endothelial cells, nerves, hematopoietic cells - Vascular tumors (benign/malignant), dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, vascular tumors (not as sensitivie as ulex), neurofibroma, epithelioid sarcoma, spindle cell lipoma, fibrous papule
70
Factor XIIIa - ?Normal Location - ?Positive In
Macrophages, dermal dendrocytes, platelets - Dermatofibroma, xanthoma disseminatum, fibrous papule, AFX, xanthogranuloma
71
Bcl-2 - ?Normal Location - ?Positive In
Indicator of decr apoptosis, incr cell longevity - Follicular center cell lymphoma
72
Gross Cystic Disease Fluid Protein 15 (GCDFP-15) - ?Normal Location - ?Positive In
Apocrine glands - Apocrine tumors, breast carcinoma, salivary gland tumors
73
Macrophage - Which Stains?
α1-antitrypsin, lysozyme, HAM 56, CD 68
74
Melanocyte - Which Stains?
S100, HMB 45, mart1/melanA, vimentin
75
Langerhans cell - Which Stains?
S100, CD1a, vimentin
76
Merkel cell - Which Stains?
CK20, neurofilament, chromogranin A, NSE, synaptophysin, B97 EMA
77
Sebaceous gland - Which Stains?
EMA, keratin
78
Sweat gland - Which Stains?
CEA, EMA, keratin (cytoplasmic positivity), gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 (in apocrine and some eccrine), smooth muscle actin (in myoepithelial cells)
79
Fibroblast - Which Stains?
Vimentin
80
Mast cell - Which Stains?
CD117 (c-kit)
81
Myofibroblast - Which Stains?
Muscle specific actin, desmin (sometimes)
82
Dermal dendrocytes - Which Stains?
Factor XIIIa
83
Blood vessels - Which Stains?
Factor VIII-related Ag, CD31, CD34, vimetin
84
Nerves - Which Stains?
Axons: neurofilament, NSE. Schwann cells: S100, GFAP, myelin basic protein (MBP)
85
Muscle - Which Stains?
Smooth muscle actin
86
Atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) - ?Relevant Pos/Neg Stains
POSITIVE: Vimentin, actin, + histiocyte stains (i.e. CD68). NEGATIVE: S100 (positive in spindle cell melanoma), pankeratin (positive in spindle cell SCC), CD34, CEA, EMA, desmin.
87
Leiomyosarcoma - ?Relevant Pos/Neg Stains
POSITIVE: Desmin, smooth muscle actin, +/- vimentin. NEGATIVE: CEA, S100 (only rarely positive), keratin (only rarely positive).
88
Melanoma - ?Relevant Pos/Neg Stains
POSITIVE: S100, vimentin, melanA, HMB45 (latter negative in desmoplastic/spindle cell melanoma). NEGATIVE: Keratin (positive in Paget’s), CD45 (positive for lymphocytes in halo nevus), CEA, EMA, desmin.
89
Angiosarcoma - ?Relevant Pos/Neg Stains
POSITIVE: CD31, CD34, Factor VIII-related antigen, Ulex europaeus. NEGATIVE: Keratin, CEA, EMA, S100.
90
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) - ?Relevant Pos/Neg Stains
POSITIVE: Cytokeratin 20, EMA, NSE, synaptophysin, chromogranin. NEGATIVE: S100, LCA, CEA, vimentin, desmin, GFAP, thyroid transcription factor-1 or TTF-1 (positive in small cell lung cancer).
91
Schwannoma (Neurilemmoma) - ?Relevant Pos/Neg Stains
POSITIVE: Vimentin, S100, MBP. NEGATIVE: Keratin, neurofilaments, desmin.
92
Glomus tumor - ?Relevant Pos/Neg Stains
POSITIVE: Vimentin, smooth muscle actin. NEGATIVE: Desmin (occasionally focally positive), cytokeratin.
93
Epithelioid sarcoma - ?Relevant Pos/Neg Stains
POSITIVE: Cytokeratin, CD34 (50 % cases), EMA, vimentin, +/- CEA. NEGATIVE: .
94
DFSP - ?Relevant Pos/Neg Stains
POSITIVE: Vimentin, CD34. NEGATIVE: S100, HMB45, keratin, stromelysin-3, Factor XIIIa (latter two markers positive in dermatofibroma).
95
Paget’s disease - ?Relevant Pos/Neg Stains
POSITIVE: CK7, EMA, CEA, GCDFP-15. NEGATIVE: S100, HMB45.
96
Sebaceous carcinoma - ?Relevant Pos/Neg Stains
POSITIVE: EMA, keratin (CAM 5.2). NEGATIVE: CEA (usually), S100.
97
Granular cell tumor - ?Relevant Pos/Neg Stains
POSITIVE: S100, NSE, MBP. NEGATIVE: GFAP, neurofilament.
