Histology of respiratory system

Question 1

why is the histological organisation of the inter alveolar wall important

Answer 1

for gaseous exchange

Question 2

bronchioles look like

Answer 2

less than 1mm or less, smooth muscle increases, Clara cells are present, no goblet cells, non ciliated cells, no submucosal glands, no cartilage

Question 3

gaps between rings of cartilage in trachea are filled by

Answer 3

trachealis muscle and fibroelastic tissue

Question 4

what do respiratory mucosa and submucosa do

Answer 4

adapted to warm and moisten the air and trap foreign particles in mucous

Question 5

what is lamina propria

Answer 5

lies under epithelium and has loose connective tissue that contains elastin and blood vessels

Question 6

what is in submucosal layer

Answer 6

serous glands (secrete watery substances) , goblet cells (secrete mucous), ciliated cells

Question 7

what does adventitia layer do

Answer 7

connects and supports trachea to surrounding tissue eg thyroid and oesophagus. contains nerves, vessels and adipose tissue

Question 8

what type of epithelium in trachea

Answer 8

ciliated pseudo stratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

Question 9

what bronchi closely resembles trachea

Answer 9

extra pulmonary bronchi

Question 10

what makes intrapulmonary bronchi different to extraplumonary bronchi

Answer 10

less cartilage and it does not completely circle the lumen

Question 11

what makes intrapulmonary bronchi different to extraplumonary bronchi

Answer 11

less cartilage and it does not completely circle the lumen. contains layers of smooth muscle between the mucosa and submucosa

Question 12

respiratory bronchioles type of cells

Answer 12

ciliated cuboidal epithelium

Question 13

alveolar ducts histology

Answer 13

surrounded by smooth muscle, elastin and collagen

Question 14

alveolar sacs histology

Answer 14

surrounded by blood vessels and pulmonary capillaries

Question 15

alveoli histology

Answer 15

surrounded by blood vessels and pulmonary capillaries with very thin blood- alveoli barrier. where gas exchange occurs

Question 16

major characteristics of bronchioles

Answer 16

smooth muscle layer is thicker, no cartilage, no glands, fewer cilia

Question 17

histology of type I pneumocytes

Answer 17

large flattened cells

Question 18

function of type II pneumocystes

Answer 18

secrete surfactant which decreases alveolar surface tension and stops alveoli collapsing when we breath out. more circular

Question 19

macrophages (dust cells) histology

Answer 19

clump that are found in the lumen of alveolus and are brownish

Question 20

what lies between the wall of capillary endothelial cell and alveolar cell

Answer 20

thin basement membrane

Question 21

what do club cells/ Clara cells do

Answer 21

protect airways, produce surfactant, regenerate bronchiolar epithelium

Question 22

respiratory portion of respiratory system has what kind of epithelium

Answer 22

gradual transition from cuboidal to simple squamous