Joints Flashcards
what is a joint
union between two or more rigid components
why do we need joints
movement and growth
types of joints
fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
fibrous joints
dense fibrous connective tissue, high tensile strength, little movement. examples- cranial sutures, periodontal ligament, interosseous membrane
cartilaginous joints
layers of cartilage between hard structures
two types of cartilaginous joints
synchondroses, symphyses
synchondroses (primary)
allow for bone growth (endochondral ossification), disappear in adults, no movement
symphyses (secondary)
do not ossify with age, found in midline of body, limited movement, found in vertebral column. paired with another type of cartilage
synovial joints
greatest movement, fibrous capsule with synovial membrane on inside that produces synovial fluid which lubricates the joint. may also contain articular discs or ligaments
types of synovial joint
hinge, ball and socket, plane, saddle, pivot, condylar
how to stabilise joint
fibrous capsule and ligaments, muscles
what type of rotation can upper limb do
lateral
what type of rotation can lower limb do
medial rotation
what word describes branches of blood vessels connecting around joints
anastomoses. means that blood can flow through easily even in times of extreme flexion
what nerves are found in joint capsules
sensory nerves that help with proprioception
