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Histology Of The Blood Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

What makes up blood

A

Plasma 56%
Leucocytes 1%
Erythrocytes 43%

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2
Q

What is plasma

A

Plasma is blood minus the cells

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3
Q

What is plasma comprised of

A

Water
Salts
Minerals
Plasma proteins
Hormones
Signalling molecules
Other clotting factors

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4
Q

What is serum

A

Plasma minus clotting factors

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5
Q

What is the lifespan of a erythrocyte

A

Approx 4 months/120 days

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6
Q

Where are erythrocytes produces in a fetus

A

Liver

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7
Q

Where are erythrocytes produced in a adult

A

Bone marrow

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8
Q

What are characteristics of erythrocytes

A

Enucleate
Biconcave discs

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9
Q

What is the major protein in erythrocytes

A

Haemoglobin

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10
Q

Where are erythrocytes destroyed

A

Liver and spleen

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11
Q

What are the 3 types of leucocytes

A

Granulocytes
Agranulocyte
Platelets

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12
Q

What is the difference between granulocytes and agranulocytes

A

Granulocytes have visible granules whereas agranulocytes don’t

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13
Q

What type of granulocytes are there

A

Neutrophils 40-75%
Eosinophils 5%
Basophils 0.5%

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14
Q

What types of agranulocytes are there

A

Lymphocytes 20-50%
Monocytes 1-5%

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15
Q

What are platelets

A

Cell fragments

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16
Q

What is the commonest white blood cell

A

Neutrophil

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17
Q

What is the commonest granulocyte

A

Neutrophil

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18
Q

What are characteristics of neutrophils

A

Multi-lobed nucleus
Granular cytoplasm

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19
Q

What is the function of a neutrophil

A

It has a phagocytic function
Meaning it engulfs and destroys bacteria and other foreign macromolecules

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20
Q

What do neutrophils contain

A

Myeloperoxidase

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21
Q

What 3 types of cytoplasmic granule do neutrophils contain

A

Primary granules
Secondary granules
Tertiary granules

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22
Q

What are an example of primary granules

A

Lysosomes

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23
Q

What are secondary granules

A

Specific granules which secrete substances that mobilise inflammatory mediators

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24
Q

What are tertiary granules

A

Gelatinases and adhesion molecules

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25
What % of white blood cells are eosinophils
1%
26
When do numbers of eosinophils increase
They increase during a parasitic infection
27
What are characteristics of eosinophils
Bi-lobed nucleus Large red cytoplasmic granules Crystalline inclusions
28
What do eosinophils Inhibit the secretion of
Mast cells
29
What do eosinophils do
Hey neutralise histamine therefore restricting inflammatory response
30
What are characteristics of basophils
Bi-lobed nucleus Prominent dark blue-staining cytoplasmic granules
31
What do the granules contain in basophils
Histamine
32
What are basophils involved in
They are involved in inflammatory reactions and act to prevent coagulation and agglutination
33
What do basophils release
They release histamine and other vaso-active agents in response to allergens
34
What are the 2 function subtypes of lymphocytes
B cells T cells
35
What are B cells
They secrete antibodies and become plasma cells
36
What are T cells
They are involved in cell-mediated immunity
37
What a re the characteristics of lymphocytes
Few cytoplasmic inclusions so clear blue/grey cytoplasm
38
What is the role of B cells
Produce antibodies
39
What is the role of t helper cells
Help B cells and activate macrophages
40
What is the role of t cytotoxic cells
Kill previously marked target cells
41
What is the role of t suppressor cells
Suppress t helper cells and suppress the immune response
42
What is the role of natural killer cells
Mainly kill virus infected cells
43
What are monocytes
They are immature cells which circulate breifly in the blood
44
What are the characteristics of monocytes
Reniform nucleus
45
What can monocytes do
They can differentiate into several cell types within tissues
46
What is the role of a monocyte
Phagocytic and defensive role
47
What can a monocyte differentiate into
Tissue macrophages Kupffer cells Osteoclasts Antigen presenting cells Alveolar macrophages
48
What are platelets derived from
From large multi-uncleared megakaryocytes in bone marrow
49
What are the characteristics of platelets
Cell membrane containing vesicles of coagulation factors
50
What is the role of platelets
Responsible for clotting blood when endothelium lining is breached
51
Where are all blood cells formed
In the haematopeitic bone marrow
52
What is myelon
Lies next to bone and gives rise to white blood cells
53
What is erythronium
Lies between bony trabeculae and gives rise to erythrocytes
54
What mediated erythropoeisis
Erythropoietin
55
What is granulopoeisis
Increasing the number of granules present in a cell
56
What is this showing
Erythrocytes
57
What is this showing
Granulocytes
58
What is this showing
Agranulocytes
59
What is this showing
Neutrophil
60
What is this showing
Eosinophil
61
What is this showing
Basophil
62
What is this showing
Lymphocyte
63
What is this showing
Monocyte
64
What is this showing
Erythrocytes and platelets
65
What process is this showing
Haematopoeisis
66
What are the 3 arrows pointing to
Arrow 1 = myelon Arrow 2 = erythron Arrow 3 = megakaryocytes

Histology (18 decks)

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