Histology Of The Urinary Tract

Question 1

What makes up the nephron

Answer 1

Glomerulus
Proximal convoluted tubule
Thick limb of loop of henle
Thin limb of the loop of henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct

Question 2

What are the different parts of the kidney

Answer 2

Cortex
Medulla
Pelvis

Question 3

What are characteristics of the glomerulus

Answer 3

Tufts of convoluted fenestrated capillaries

Glomerular basement membrane

Lined by podocytes

Supported by mesangial cells

Encased in bowman’s capsule

Question 4

What are the 2 components of the juxtaglomerular apparatus

Answer 4

Afferent arteriole
Distal convoluted tubule

Question 5

What is the role of the juxtaglomerular apparatus

Answer 5

Secretes renin in response to low blood pressure

Question 6

What does the distal convoluted tubule contribute to in the juxtaglomerular apparatus

Answer 6

The macula densa

Question 7

What are characteristics of the proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 7

Cuboidal epithelium

Round central/basal nuclei

Brush border of microvilli at apical end

Many mitochondria

Question 8

What is the role of the proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 8

Reabsorption of NaCl, proteins, polypeptides, amino acids and glucose

Question 9

What are characteristics of the loop of henle

Answer 9

Made up of descending and ascending limbs

Thick and thin segments

Thin = simple squamous
Thick = low cuboidal

Supplied by rich vasa recta

Question 10

What are characteristics of the distal convoluted tubule

Answer 10

Low cuboidal epithelium

Scanty microvilli

Numerous mitochondria

Question 11

What is the role of the distal convoluted tubule

Answer 11

Regulates acid base by secreting H+ and absorbing HCO3- via cellular carbonic anhydrase

Regulates Na levels by exchanging Na for K

Question 12

What are the characteristics of the collecting ducts

Answer 12

Cuboidal epithelium

Principal cells

Intercalated cells

Question 13

What is the role of the principal cells of the collecting duct

Answer 13

They respond to aldosterone and ADH

Question 14

What is the role of intercalated cells of the collecting duct

Answer 14

Exchanges H+ for HCO3-

Question 15

Where does the kidneys blood supply originate from

Answer 15

Abdominal aorta

Question 16

At what level does the the real artery level the abdominal aorta

Answer 16

The renal artery levels at the level of L1

Question 17

Where does the loop of henle descend into

Answer 17

Descends into the medulla

Question 18

What lines the renal pelvis

Answer 18

Urothelium

Question 19

What is the role of the renal pelvis

Answer 19

Transmits filtrate from the nephron to the ureter

Question 20

What is urothelium

Answer 20

Specialised epithelium of the urinary tract
Complex stratified epithelium
Layer of umbrella cells

Question 21

What are characteristics of ureters

Answer 21

Transitional epithelium

Spiral muscular tube

No serosa

Loose Adventitia

Question 22

What are characteristics of the bladder

Answer 22

Urothelium
Lamina propria
Submucosa
Muscularis propria
Sub serosa and serosa
Functional valve

Question 23

What are characteristics of the female urethra

Answer 23

Proximally = transitional epithelium
Distally = squamous epithelium

Has paraurethral and periurethral glands

Question 24

How long is the female urethra

Answer 24

4-5cm long

Question 25

How long is the male urethra

Answer 25

20cm long

Question 26

What are the 3 parts that make up the male urethra

Answer 26

Prostatic urethra Membranous urethra Penile urethra

Question 27

What lines the membranous urethra

Answer 27

Urothelium

Question 28

What lines the penile urethra

Answer 28

Pseudo stratified epithelium proximally Stratified squamous epithelium distally

Question 29

What do the renal pelvis, ureter, bladder and urethra all have in common

Answer 29

They all have the same urothelial lining

Question 30

Where is this

Answer 30

Female urethra

Question 31

Where is this

Answer 31

Male urethra

Question 32

Where is this

Answer 32

Bladder

Question 33

What is this

Answer 33

Ureter

Question 34

What tissue is this

Answer 34

Urothelium

Question 35

What are the arrows pointing to

Answer 35

The left arrow = macula densa The right arrow = juxtaglomerular cells

Question 36

What are the arrows pointing to

Answer 36

The left arrow = basement membrane The bottoms central arrow = capillary lumen The bottom right arrow = endothelial cell The middle right arrow = foot processes The top right arrow = podocyte

Question 37

What are the arrows pointing to

Answer 37

Top arrow = capillary endothelial cell Bottom arrow = mesangial cells

Question 38

Where is this from

Answer 38

Renal medulla

Question 39

What is this showing

Answer 39

Medullary ray

Question 40

Where is this

Answer 40

Renal cortex

Question 41

Where is this from

Answer 41

Collecting duct

Question 42

Where is this

Answer 42

Distal convoluted tubule

Question 43

Where is this from

Answer 43

Thin limb of the loop of henle

Question 44

What is this

Answer 44

Glomerulus

Question 45

Where is this

Answer 45

Thick limb of the loop of henle

Question 46

Where is this

Answer 46

Proximal convoluted tubule