Histology Of The Endocrine System

Question 1

What are the common features of the endocrine system

Answer 1

Glandular epithelium
Richly vascularised
Secrete a variety of hormones
Controlled by negative and positive feedback loops

Question 2

What is the function of the pituitary

Answer 2

Coordinates the endocrine organ through the feedback loop

Question 3

What makes up the pituitary gland

Answer 3

Posterior and anterior pituitary

Question 4

Where is the posterior pituitary found

Answer 4

The posterior pituitary is a downward extension of the hypothalamus

Question 5

What tissue makes up the posterior pituitary

Answer 5

Neural tissue with axons and glial cells

Question 6

What does the posterior pituitary store/secrete

Answer 6

Oxytocin and Antidiuretic hormone

Question 7

What tissue makes up the anterior pituitary

Answer 7

Nested epithelial pituicytes (several different types) with a richly vascular fibrous stroma

Question 8

What hormones does the anterior pituitary store/secrete

Answer 8

Growth hormone
Prolactin
ACTH
FSH
LH
Thyroid stimulating hormone

Question 9

Where in the anterior pituitary would you find somatotrophs

Answer 9

Lateral wings of the anterior pituitary

Question 10

How would you identify lactotrophs

Answer 10

They are polygonal cells with cytoplasmic processes that wrap around other cells

Question 11

How would you identify thyrotrophs

Answer 11

Angular chromophobes with elongated cytoplasmic processes

Question 12

How would you identify gonadotrophs

Answer 12

Scattered round oval cells

Question 13

How would you identify corticotrophs

Answer 13

Round basophilic cells with large cytoplasmic vacuoles

Question 14

What is the function of the pineal gland

Answer 14

Secretes melatonin

Question 15

What makes up the pineal gland

Answer 15

Pinealocytes in rosettes

Question 16

What is the tissue of the thyroid made up of

Answer 16

Combination of follicular cells and colloids

Question 17

What is the function of the thyroid

Answer 17

Produces thyroxin and calcitonin

Question 18

What makes up the parathyroid

Answer 18

4 glands in the neck

Question 19

What cells can be found in the parathyroid

Answer 19

Chief cells
Oxyphils
Adipocytes

Question 20

What is the function of the parathyroids

Answer 20

To produce the parathyroid hormone

Question 21

What are the characteristics of chief cells in the parathyroid

Answer 21

Polygonal cells
Scant cytoplasm

Question 22

What is the function of chief cells in the parathyroid

Answer 22

Raises serum Ca2+ in the bone, kidney and gut

Question 23

What are the characteristics of oxyphil cells in the parathyroid

Answer 23

Large polygonal cells
Increase with age abundant eosinphilic cytoplasm
Finely granular

Question 24

What makes up the endocrine pancreas

Answer 24

Islets of langerhans
Balls of cells
Thin fibrous capsule

Question 25

What cells are found in the pancreas

Answer 25

B cells A cells D cells PP cells

Question 26

What do B cells secrete

Answer 26

Insulin

Question 27

What do A cells secrete

Answer 27

Glucagon

Question 28

What do D cells secrete

Answer 28

Somatostatin

Question 29

What do PP cells secrete

Answer 29

Pancreatic polypeptide

Question 30

What are the 3 layers of the adrenal cortex

Answer 30

Zona glomerulosa Zona fasciculata Zona reticularis

Question 31

What type of hormones does the Zona glomerulosa secrete

Answer 31

Mineralocorticoids

Question 32

What type of hormone is secreted by the Zona fasciculata

Answer 32

Glucocorticoids

Question 33

What type of hormones are secreted by the Zona reticularis

Answer 33

Androgen steroids

Question 34

What makes up the tissue of the Zona glomerulosa

Answer 34

Thin and incomplete Small cells Vaculolated cytoplasm

Question 35

What is the Zona fasiculata made up of

Answer 35

It is the most prominent layer Large polygonal cells Clear cytoplasm

Question 36

What makes up the tissue of the Zona reticularis

Answer 36

Anastomosing columns of small polygonal cells Inner most layers

Question 37

What hormones are secreted by the adrenal medulla

Answer 37

Adrenaline and noradrenaline

Question 38

What cells are found in the adrenal medulla

Answer 38

Chromaffin cells

Question 39

Where is this tissue from

Answer 39

Posterior pituitary

Question 40

Where is this tissue taken from

Answer 40

Anterior pituitary

Question 41

What is this showing

Answer 41

Reticulin in the anterior pituitary

Question 42

What cells can you identify here from the anterior Pituitary

Answer 42

Somatotrophs

Question 43

What cells can you identify here from the anterior Pituitary

Answer 43

Lactotrophs

Question 44

What cells can you identify here from the anterior Pituitary

Answer 44

Thyrotrophs

Question 45

What cells can you identify here from the anterior Pituitary

Answer 45

Gonadotrophs

Question 46

What cells can you identify here from the anterior Pituitary

Answer 46

Corticotrophs

Question 47

What is this X-ray indicating

Answer 47

A pituitary adenoma

Question 48

What is this showing and what stain has been used

Answer 48

Adenoma tissue Using H&E stain

Question 49

Where is this tissue from

Answer 49

The pineal gland

Question 50

Where is this tissue taken from

Answer 50

Thyroid

Question 51

What is this showing

Answer 51

Pituitary adenoma

Question 52

What is this showing

Answer 52

Thyroid carcinoma

Question 53

Where is this tissue from and what are the cells the arrows are pointing to

Answer 53

The tissue is from the parathyroids Arrow one = chief cells Arrow two = oxyphil cells

Question 54

Where is this tissue from

Answer 54

The pancreas

Question 55

What is the indicated layer and where it it found

Answer 55

It is the Zona glomerulus in the adrenal cortex

Question 56

What is the indicated layer and where it it found

Answer 56

The Zona fasiculata in the adrenal cortex

Question 57

What is the indicated layer and where it it found

Answer 57

The Zona reticularis in the adrenal cortex

Question 58

What is this showing

Answer 58

An adrenal cortical adenoma

Question 59

What is this showing

Answer 59

Tissue from the adrenal medulla

Question 60

What is this showing

Answer 60

Phareochromocytoma