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History Final 2: study guides and blue terms Flashcards

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0
Q

Anwar Sadat

A

Egyptian president who planned a joint Arab attack on Yom Kippur

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1
Q

Boris Yeltsin

A

Member of Russian parliament and mayor of Moscow who criticized the crackdown in Lithuania and the slow pace of reforms

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2
Q

PLO

A

Palestine liberation organization which pushed for the formation of an Arab Palestinian state that would include land claimed by Israel

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3
Q

Winnie Mandela

A

Nelson’s wife who was also apart of the ANC

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4
Q

Golda Meir

A

Israeli prime minister who launched a counterattack and regained most of the lost territiory

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5
Q

Apartheid

A

Completion separation of the races like in schools, hospitals, and even neighborhoods

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6
Q

Lech Walesa

A

Union leader who became a national hero

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7
Q

Perestroika

A

Idea introduced by Gorbachev in 1985 regarding a policy of economic reconstructing

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8
Q

Ethnic cleansing

A

Policy that intended to rid Bosnia of its Muslim population

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9
Q

Nelson Mandela

A

Leader of the ANC who became the nations president after 27 years of jail time

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10
Q

Tiananmen Square

A

A huge public space in the heart of Beijing where students mounted a protest for democracy

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11
Q

Tokyo, Japan

A

Had terrible damage done to city in WWII by American and allied forces
Capital of Japan

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12
Q

Glasnost

A

Policy that Gorbachev announced in 1985 means openness

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13
Q

Mikhail Gorbachev

A

Became the politburos new general secretary and was youthful, energetic, and had political skills

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14
Q

The treaty of Versailles

A

Peace treaty signed by Germany and allied powers after WWI

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15
Q

Poison gas

A

A new “weapon” used for mass killing, Germans

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16
Q

Rationing

A

The limiting of the amounts of goods people can buy- often imposed by govts during wartime, when goods are short in display

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17
Q

Solidarity

A

Polish labor union that during the 80 s became the main force of opposition to communist rule in Poland

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18
Q

Politburo

A

The ruling committee of the communist party which crushed all political disagreement

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19
Q

Camp David accords

A

Treaty that ended the 30 years of hostilities between Egypt and Israel and became the first signed agreement between Israel and an Arab country

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20
Q

Nikita Khrushchev

A

Became dominant soviet leader after Stalin died in 1953- started desalinization or purging the country of Stalins memory

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21
Q

Hong Kong

A

Capital city of communist China- with major economic activity

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22
Q

Schilieffen plan

A

Germany’s military plan to rapidly defeat France and move east to Russia

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23
Q

5 causes of wwi

A 
Nationalism
Imperialism
Militarism
The tangled alliance
The archduke and his wife killed in Sarajevo, Bosnia
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24
The battle of Somme
Northwest of Verdun which British forces attacked Germans in valley of Somme river, Started in July 1916 1st day of battle-20000 British soldiers killed. By time of end of battle in November each side suffered more than half a million casualties
25
Brinkmanship
A policy of threatening to go to war in response to any enemy aggression
26
Richard M Nixon
President Nixon replaced brinkmanship with detente out of a philosophy known as realpolitik- which comes from the German word meaning realistic politics
27
The Berlin airlift
From June 48 to may 49 allied planes took off and landed every three minutes in West Berlin
28
Douglas MacArthur
General who commanded fighting communism and wanting to end it by wwiii
29
Fallout Shelters
70% of American families have a "bomb shelter" in their backyard which could sustain them for 2-3 weeks until they had to go out and die of devastation
30
Submerged entrance
The US would be after the Vietcong and they would escape into a pond and not come out while the US were waiting. Instead they went through the tunnels and traveled backwards sopping wet and they would attack the US from behind
31
Douglas MacArthur 1
General and commander of the allied land forces in the pacific. Came up with idea of "island hopping"
32
Genocide 2
The systematic killing of an entire people
33
Third world
During Cold War, he developing nations not allied with either the US or SU
34
Japanese emperor
Hirohito who gave US a history lesson part of Pearl Harbor
35
Hiroshima
a port city on the southwestern coast of Honshu in Japan; on August 6 ... World War 2 ... Atomic bombing
36
Excomm
Group of 14 advisors selected by JFK from the national security council who discuss alternatives to the Cuban missile crisis Most prefer military action rather than a blockade
37
Cold War
State of diplomatic hostility between US and Soviet Union in decades following WWII War of words between 2 superpowers
38
Fidel Castro
A harsh Cuban dictator who suspended elections, jailed or executed opponents, and tightly co trolling the press
39
38th parallel
A line that crosses Korea at 38 degrees north latitude. Separates NK from SK
40
Raul Castro
Raul Castro became Cuba's leader when his elder brother, Fidel, died whose early defining political characteristic was nationalism.
41
The superpowers
The US and the SU were definitely the biggest superpowers at the time, both were very controlling and worked for their matter of justice
42
V-E day
Victory in Europe day celebrated on may 8, 1945 Aka Veterans Day Commemorates the conclusion of fighting in Europe during WWII
43
Labor saving devices
Refrigerator , washing machine, iron, coffee pot, and vacuum cleaners-- saved time
44
Isoroku Yamamoto 1
Admiral Japan's greatest naval strategist who called for action of Pearl Harbor
45
The desert fox Erwin Rommel
General of the afrika korps sent by hitler to reinforce the Italians Erwin Rommel
46
Eva Braum
Hitlers lover who was only married to hitler for 40 hours before committing suicide
47
Aryan 2
To the nazis, the Germanic people's who formed a "master race" A misuse of the term- actually refers to indoeurpoean people's who migrated into Indian subcontinent around 1500
48
The battleship Missouri
Where japs officials surrendered unconditionally to US in Tokyo bay Partially sunk and damaged in Pearl Harbor President Harry s Truman happens to be from MO. (Irony)
49
Pearl Harbor 1
December 7 1941 Japanese attack on American sailors in Hawaii
50
"A date that will live in infamy."
FDRs words about the Pearl Harbor attack by japs
51
Why did the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor on December 7,1941
Japs advancement in Far East- Manchuria and china - us is hypocritical ex: manifest destiny, James k Polk and the Mexicans US will cut off all trade with the japs completely- - cutting our oil supply to them These economic pressures became unbearable for them, causing severe shortages in Japan
52
Colonel James Doolittle
Leader of the raiding american Air Force who bombed Tokyo and several other cities
53
Fascism
Lighter form and less stricter form of nazism N- strict leader F- a little more lenient/ flexible
54
Battle at Verdun
February 1916 Germans launched a massive attack against the French here
55
Emperor Hirohito
Head of state who won popular support for army leaders who ruled in his name
56
Article 231
"Guilt clause" "war guilt clause".1st article in part 8 of the treaty of Versailles Put all the blame on Germany
57
Surrealism
A 20th century artistic movement that focused on the workings of the unconscious mind
58
Sigmund Freud
Austrian physician treated psychological problems - talking treatment conscious or unconscious
59
Fascism
A political movement that promotes a extreme form of nationalism, denial of individual rights, and a dictatorial one party rule
60
The communist party
A political party which practiced ideas of Karl Marx and VI Lenin originally Russian Bolshevik party
61
Totalitarianism
Govt control over every aspect of public and private life
62
Soul force
Method used by dr. King and Gandhi which was a peaceful protest
63
Bolsheviks
Group of revolutionary russian Marxists who took control of Russia's govt in November 1917
64
How many people disappeared in Russia from late 1929- early1930 to 1953
8-13 million Russians
65
President Woodrow Wilson
USA president who was part of the Big Four, who drew up peace proposals during war called the fourteen points
66
Shell shock
Psychological disturbance due to prolonged exposure of active warfare

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