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Micro5 > History Of Microbiology > Flashcards

History Of Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

Structure and function

A

They are correlated
- structure determines function

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2
Q

Evolution and adaptation

A
  • “selective pressure” to adapt to their surroundings in order to survive
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3
Q

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek created

A
  • lens maker (a microphone that was able to see “animalcules”)
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4
Q

Francesco redi

A
  • did experiment with red meat and maggots to see maggots don’t arise spontaneously
  • supported by evidence

Hypothesis: maggots do not arise spontaneously

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5
Q

John needham

A
  • experiment of boiling broth then leaving one open and sealing the other
  • supported by experiment
    Hypothesis: microorganisms arise spontaneously
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6
Q

Lazzaro spallanzani

A

Fixed John Needham’s experiment
➡️ boiled broth in an open flask and a sealed flask

  • supported experiment
    Hypothesis: microorganisms come from the air
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7
Q

What are some critiques spallanzani received?

A
  • not enough oxygen in the sealed flasks
  • “vital source” killed by the heat and kept out by the stopper
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8
Q

Biogenesis

A

Living things arise only from preexisting living cells

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9
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

Boiled broth in a straight neck flask and a curved (swan) neck flask
- supported by evidence
Hypothesis: microorganisms arise from microbes in the air (biogenesis)

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10
Q

What part of Louis Pasteur experiment demonstrates broth can be heated and still grow microbes?

A

The last part of his experiment
- he turned the curved flask on its side to allow the microbes

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11
Q

What part of Pasteur experiment demonstrates microbes don’t come from air but pre-existing cells (microbes)

A

The curved flask being able to hold the microbes in the curved part and then when it’s put on the side the microbes grew in the broth

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12
Q

What 2 people were part of the golden age of microbiology

A

Louis Pasteur & Robert Koch

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13
Q

Louis Pasteur discovered what?

A

Fermentation
Biogenesis
Vaccines
Pasteurization

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14
Q

Fermentation

A

Found that it was microorganisms that convert sugar to alcohol & co2

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15
Q

Pasteurization

A

Heat kills bacteria that causes spoiling

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16
Q

Germ theory of disease

A

Microorganisms can cause disease

17
Q

Who applies germ theory to medical procedures?

A

Joseph lister

  • aseptic surgery using phenol (Carbonic acid)
18
Q

Robert Koch created

A

Koch postulates
- 4 “rules”

19
Q

What are the 4 Koch postulates?

A
  1. Organisms who are diseased should always be diseased, but not the healthy
  2. Organism must be isolated and grown in pure culture (lab)
  3. Organism grown in pure culture (lab) must cause same disease when inoculated isn’t a healthy individual
  4. Organism must be resonated from inoculated host, and show same symptoms as the one originally isolated (sample taken)
20
Q

How do you characterize pure culture?

A

Gram staining
Ph
Smells
Colony morphology
Motility

21
Q

What are some Koch postulate exceptions?

A
  • some microbes difficult to culture
  • disease can be causes by multiple microbes
  • pathogens can cause several diseases
  • ethical considerations about injecting the healthy
  • diseased may not have symptoms
22
Q

How does Koch postulates relates to anthrax in cows?

A

Koch shows that anthrax was caused by B Anthracis that can be isolated and cultured on artificial media

23
Q

What are some things that help prevent or treat disease?

A
  • preventative techniques
    ➡️ washing hands & cleaning equipment
  • vaccines
  • antibiotics
  • 16s rRNA Gene sequencing
24
Q

Ignaz Semmelweis created what preventive technique

A

Hand washing

25
Q

Joseph lister created what protective technique

A

Aseptic surgery - cleaning equipment

26
Q

Edward Jenner did what?

A

Injected cowpox into a boy to see if he will get smallpox

27
Q

Paul erhrlich created what

A

“Magic Bullet”
- antibiotic ➡️ kills bacteria bit not human “self” cells

28
Q

REVIEW: All cells contain?

A

Plasma membrane, DNA, Cytoplasm, Ribosomes

29
Q

Alexander Fleming discovered what

A

The mold penicillium inhibited a bacterium — penicillin (antibiotic)

30
Q

16s rRNA Gene

A

Created by carl woese & Norman Pace

  • help identify which microbes are present without culturing them
31
Q

What are some contributions of microbiology to world civilization?

A

Food production/ preservation (fermentation & pasteurization)
Disease treatment (antibiotics)
Disease prevention (aseptic techniques/ vaccines)

32
Q

Contribution of microbiology to biochemistry and molecular biology?

A
  • bacteria used as a “tool” for scientific processes ➡️ producing protein of interest
  • CRISPR cas9 technology = system originally evolved in a bacteria

Micro5 (14 decks)

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