Metabolim

Question 1

Free energy

Answer 1

Energy available to do work

Question 2

Delta G

Answer 2

Change in free energy during chemical reaction

Question 3

How does a molecule’s stability relate to free energy?

Answer 3

More stable something is less ability to do work
- lower free energy

Question 4

Catabolic reaction

Answer 4

Exergonic reaction ( energy being released)
- products have less free energy then reactants

• negative delta G

Question 5

Anabolic reaction

Answer 5

Endergonic (energy put in)

• products have more free energy then reactants
• positive delta G

Question 6

Oxidation

Answer 6

Loss of electrons

Question 7

Reduction

Answer 7

Gain of electrons

Question 8

Is NAD+ being reduced or oxidized when durned into NADH+

Answer 8

Reduced

Question 9

What kind of molecule is NADH ? What does it do?

Answer 9

Electron acceptor - it donates/ accepts electrons from and to various pieces in cellular respiration

Question 10

What are ways in which organisms can convert high energy electrons into food?

Answer 10

Via redox reactions

Question 11

What are the steps of cellular (aerobic) respiration and where does it occur?

Answer 11

1. Glycolysis
2. Intermediate step
3. Kreb cycle ( citric acid cycle)

• all in cytoplasm

4. Electron transport chain
   - plasma membrane

Question 12

Glycolysis input

Answer 12

2 atp
1 glucose molecule

Question 13

Glycolysis output

Answer 13

2 pyruvate
4 atp - 2 net gain
NADH (x2)

Question 14

How is atp made in glycolysis

Answer 14

Substrate level phosphorylation

Question 15

Intermediate step is also known as

Answer 15

Oxidation of pyruvate

Question 16

What goes in to the oxygenation of pyruvate

Answer 16

2 pyruvate

Question 17

What comes out of intermediate step (oxygenation of pyruvate)

Answer 17

Acetyl coA - which brings carbons into kreb cycle
- NADH & co2

(X2)

Question 18

For one glucose molecule how many times does oxidation of pyruvate happen

Answer 18

2 time

Question 19

Citric acid (kreb cycle) input

Answer 19

Acetyl- coA (x2)

Question 20

Citric acid cycle output

Answer 20

2 co2 -4
ATP - 2
3 NADH -6
FADH -2
(X2)

Question 21

Electron transport chain input

Answer 21

10 NADH & 2 FADH

Question 22

Output of electron transport chain

Answer 22

ATP!!!! Lots

Question 23

Steps of electron transport chain

Answer 23

1. Electrons move down etc via redox reaction
   - electrons come from NADH carriers
2. H+ is pumped to other side of membrane when protein receives e-
3. Last h+ goes through atp synthase
   - oxygen is final electron acceptor making h20

Question 24

Proton gradient (h+) powers atp synthase

True or False

Answer 24

True : creates atp

Question 25

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 25

Production of atp using energy from redox reaction of electron transport

Question 26

Chemiosmosis

Answer 26

Mechanism that uses protein gradient across a cytoplasmic membrane to generate atp

Question 27

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 27

• occurs without oxygen

Has different final electron acceptor
- makes less ATP then aerobic respiration

Question 28

Goal of fermentation

Answer 28

Replenish NAD+

Question 29

Fermentation

Answer 29

Using glycolysis to make some atp quickly without using oxygen

Question 30

Fermentation process

Answer 30

• doesn’t use electron transport chain
  ➡️ uses glycolysis only

1 glucose molecule ⬇️ (2 nad makes 2 NADH)
2 pyruvate ⬇️
2 lactic acid

Question 31

ATP production requirement: energy source

Answer 31

Sunlight
Organic molecules
Inorganic molecules

Question 32

Autotroph

Answer 32

Carbon dioxide is principal carbon source (self feeders)

Question 33

Heterotroph

Answer 33

Organic carbon source (feed off others)