Hiv/aids

Question 1

What does HIV stand for?

Answer 1

Human immunodeficiency virus

Question 2

What are the key structural features outside of a hiv?

Answer 2

Phospholipid envelope
Glycoprotein spikes

Question 3

What are key features inside a hiv?

Answer 3

SsRNA geneome
Reverse transcriptase
Integrase

Question 4

Function of reverse transcriptase

Answer 4

Reverses transcription

Converts rna ➡️ dna

Question 5

Function of integrase

Answer 5

Helps process viral proteins

Question 6

What is the name of the virus that has the reverse transcriptase enzyme?

Answer 6

Retrovirus

Question 7

Once a virus integrated into a host chromosome, what is this virus called?

Answer 7

Provirus

Question 8

Are proviruses always active?

Answer 8

No- they are latent
- can stay in chromosome for decades

Question 9

What cell does hiv infect?

Answer 9

CD4 t-helper cells

Question 10

What receptor does hiv bind to on the cD4 t immune cell?

Answer 10

CCR5 receptor

Question 11

How does hiv invade the hosts immune system?

Answer 11

Being latent -

Question 12

How is hiv transmitted from one host to another?

Answer 12

Body fluids like blood, semen, breast milk

Question 13

Can hiv be transmitted by holding hands, sweating, silica?

Answer 13

No

Question 14

Steps to hiv infection progression (5)

Answer 14

Primary infection
Acute symptoms
Clinical latency
Constitutional symptoms
Opportunistic diseases

Question 15

Primary infection

Answer 15

When CD4 cells become infected and the virus starts reproducing in the host

Question 16

Acute symptoms include

Answer 16

Asymptomatic symptoms
Swallow lymph nodes

Question 17

Clinical latency

Answer 17

Most CD4 cells are infected so virus is not producing as much

Question 18

Constitutional latency

Answer 18

Immune system can not respond to the virus well and other pathogens in environment therefore develop aids

Question 19

What does aids stand for

Answer 19

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Question 20

Why is it bad that HIV undergoes multiple mutations during reverse transcriptase

Answer 20

It is hard to make antiviral drug if it can not recognize the multiple antigens of hiv

Question 21

At what stage does maraviroc drug inhibit HIV development?

Answer 21

Blocks CCR5 receptor so antigen cannot bind to the receptor and enter CD4 cell

Question 22

What stage does the integrase inhibitor drug inhibit hiv development?

Answer 22

Blocking the insertion of HIV genome into CD4 cell

Question 23

Current treatment for hiv

Answer 23

Highly active antiretroviral therapy ((HAART)

Question 24

Fusion inhibitors

Answer 24

Blocks ccr5 from hiv binding

Question 25

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Answer 25

Inhibits reverse transcriptase via competitive inhibition

Question 26

Integrase inhibitors

Answer 26

Blocks viral dna from integrating into host genome

Question 27

Intergrase inhibitors

Answer 27

Block viral dna from integrating into host genome

Question 28

32bp mutation

Answer 28

Removes binding site keeping ccr5 in cytoplasm