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Micro5 > Bacteria Cells > Flashcards

Bacteria Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Structures within the cell wall

A

Plasma membrane
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
Chromosome & plasmids

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2
Q

Which region is the hydrophobic region of the plasma membrane?

A

The tails (fatty acids)

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3
Q

What part of the plasma membrane is hydrophilic?

A

The heads (Phosphate & glycer)

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4
Q

Fluid mosaic model

A

Refers to the phospholipids moving around (jiggling around)

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5
Q

Selectively permeable

A

Regulates what goes in/out of the membrane

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6
Q

What can easily pass through the membrane?

A

Hydrophobic molecules & uncharged polar molecules
- o2, co2, n2, h20

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7
Q

What can not pass through the plasma membrane without a protein channel?

A

Polar molecules & ions
- amino acids, glucose, h+ , Na+, Ca2+

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8
Q

Solutes

A

Molecules that get dissolved

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9
Q

Solvent

A

What does the dissolving. (Water)

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10
Q

Solution

A

What is left - the product

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11
Q

Concentration gradients moves from

A

Low to high concentration

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12
Q

Passive transport

A

Does not require energy to be it into system
- moves down the concentration gradient

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13
Q

Diffusion

A

Solutes move from high to low concentration

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14
Q

Simple diffusion

A

Moves directly across membrane

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15
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Needs a transporter (protein)

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16
Q

What are some things that effect Diffusion

A
  • large molecules move slower
  • higher temps = molecules move faster
  • denser solvents decreases diffusion rate (think of syrup)
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17
Q

Active transport

A

Requires energy put in (moves against concentration gradient)

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18
Q

Phosphorylation

A

Transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to another molecule

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19
Q

Unstable molecules have more free energy (ability to do work)

TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

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20
Q

Kinase enzyme

A

Adds phosphate

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21
Q

Phosphatase enzyme

A

Removes phosphate

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22
Q

Group translation via active transport

A
  • occurs only in prokaryotes!!!
    A substance is modified once it enters a cell ➡️ PEP attaches phosphate to glucose once inside cell
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23
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of water from low to high concentration to reach equilibrium

24
Q

Isotonic

A

No net movement of water

25
Q

Hypotonic

A

Water moves into cell (swelling)

26
Q

Hypertonic

A

Water moves out of cell (shrinking)

27
Q

Aquaporins

A

Water specific channels allowing water in

28
Q

The cytoplasm

A
  • 80% water
  • contains ions, lipids, proteins, & carbohydrates
29
Q

The cytoskeleton

A

Is a series of fibers/ proteins
- helps maintain cells shape
- helps with cell division

30
Q

Ribosomes

A

Translate Amino acids into proteins (made of rRNA)

31
Q

70s bacterial ribosome

A

50s - large
30s - small

32
Q

Bacteria cell wall

A

Made up of peptidoglycan
- flexible shell

33
Q

Gram stain

A

Differential stain ➡️ differentiates bacteria types based upon how they react to stain

34
Q

Gram positive (G+)

A

Thick peptidoglycan layer
- teicholic acid that helps to differentiate by different G+

35
Q

Gram negative (G-)

A

Outer membrane, thin peptidoglycan layer, inner membrane
- LPS that helps to differentiate b/w G-

36
Q

Porins

A

Protein channels

37
Q

Do G+ or G- have more porins in their membrane?

A

Graeme negatives — G-

38
Q

LPS (lipoloysaccharide)

A

Endotoxin - toxic in the bloodstream/ GI tract

39
Q

Parts of LPS

A

O antigen
Core
Lipid A

40
Q

O antigen

A

Helps differentiate between different G-

41
Q

Core of IPS gives

A

Stability

42
Q

Antigen Vs antibody

A

Antigen - from pathogen (piece of bacteria getting recognized by immune system) — cause immune response

Antibody - from host

43
Q

Gram positive wall characteristics

A
  • thick peptidoglycan layer = more resistant to mechanical stress
  • no outer membrane = less protection from detergents and antibiotics
44
Q

Gram negative characteristics

A

Little peptidoglycan layer = more susceptible to mechanical stress
- outer membrane and inner membrane = able to protect against detergents and antibiotics

45
Q

Flagella

A

Allows bacteria to move

46
Q

How many flagella can a bacterium have?

A

1 at one pole
- multiple at one pole
- flagella at bothe poles
- flagella all around
- no flagella

47
Q

Why do bacteria move?

A
  • food/ nutrients ➡️ attractants
  • toxins ➡️ repellants
48
Q

Run regarding flagella

A

Moving in one direction (counterclockwise)

49
Q

Tumble

A

Sporadic & nondirectional (clockwise flagella direction)

50
Q

Motility

A

Ability of organisms to move themself

51
Q

Chemotaxis

A

Movement in response to a chemical stimulus

52
Q

Phototaxis

A

Movement in response to a light stimulus

53
Q

Fimbriae

A

Helps stick bacteria together & surfaces
- they stick out

54
Q

Glycocalyx (sugar coat)

A
  • sticky made of polysaccharides and/ or polypeptides
55
Q

Capsule

A

Shield bacteria from immune system recognition and phagocytosis
- dense and well organized
- attaches to cell wall

56
Q

Slime layer

A
  • unorganized & loosely attaches to cell wall

Micro5 (14 decks)

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