history test conquest and colonisation and reformation

Question 1

The age of exploration main countries

Answer 1

Portuguese and Spanish began to explore the world in 15th + 16th century. Main countries affected by colonisation south + central africa

Question 2

10 Causes of age of exploration

Answer 2

New trade routes,
silk jewels spices brought by Italian merchants to Italy,
Italians controlled trade (monopoly),
wealth for countries (hopes new land would add to wealth and power of their countries)
Wealth and fame for explorers (leaders of the voyagers hoped they would gain new riches and titles)
Marco Polo
Spent 20yrs in chine during 13th cent his story was published in the travels of Marco Polo = encouraging other explorers
Religion, wanting to convert people of nee lands To Christianity, brought priests on board.
Renaissance
People questions old ideas during renaissance
New tech in ship building made longer voyages possible

Question 3

Sea travel

Answer 3

Trade
To spread Christianity
Greed
Great Silk Road (began in north-central China in Xi’an, ended Anatolia, length more than 4000 miles (6,400 km)

Question 4

Christopher Columbus what year who did he lead

Answer 4

: Spanish explores led by Christopher Columbus, 1492: wanted to sail west to reach the east but instead discovered islands off the coast of America

Question 5

Who was Prince Henry the navigator

Answer 5

Set up a school for sailors and sailing + mapped and explored coast of africa

Question 6

Who was Bartholomew Diaz

Answer 6

Around the cape of good hopes

Question 7

Who was vasco de gama

Answer 7

Reached India by sailing around africa

Question 8

Henán cortés and Francisco pizzaro were

Answer 8

Explorers

Question 9

Difference between explorer and conquistador

Answer 9

Explorer : there to learn

Conquistador: there to conquer

Question 10

After Columbus’s first voyage…

Answer 10

The pope got Spain and Portugal to agree to TREATY OF TORDESILLAS (1494)

Question 11

After Columbus voyage, pope drew a line on the..

Answer 11

The pope drew a line on the globe from north to south. Portugal got to keep everything to the east of the line while Spain got everything to the west.

Question 12

Columbus was followed by conquistadors (conquers) like …

Answer 12

Hernan Cortès . Francisco Pizarro

Question 13

Hernan cortès

Answer 13

served as a soldier in the Caribbean before gathering an army of 11 ships and 500 men conquering the Aztec empire in Mexico, when arriving he burnt all ships so his men would need to fight to survive.
Native tribes who had been conquered helped him as they did not like heavy taxes and slavery imposed on them by Aztec’s .
Many were sacrificed to Aztec gods.

Question 14

was Hernan cortès welcomed by the aztecs?

Answer 14

Yes, initially he was welcomed by the aztec king monetezuma but after outbreak of violence cortès and his men had to flee the capital TENOCHTITLAN

Question 15

How big was cortès army?

Answer 15

Gathered army of 100,000 men from local tribes opposing aztecs

Question 16

When we’re the aztecs conquered

Answer 16

In 1521 after a long siege of the capital where much of the population died from hunger and smallpox.

He destroyed the city and Aztecs were forced to work in mines or fields.

Question 17

Was the Aztec land rich?

Answer 17

Thelandwasrichingoldand precious minerals and it made Spain the richest country in Europe

Question 18

What was Tenochtitlan rebuilt as

Answer 18

Mexico City.

Question 19

What did the Spaniards bring to Tenochtitlan and rename it as after Mexico City

Answer 19

Soon the Spaniards brought cattle, plants, ploughs and hundreds of priests to establish a colony in the Aztec lands, and renamed them New Spain.

Question 20

Francisco Pizarro conquered the…

Answer 20

Francisco Pizarro conquered the Inca empire in Peru.

Question 21

Name of Inca emperor + capital

Answer 21

He captured and killed the Inca emperor, Atahualpa. Pizarro and his men captured the Inca capital, Cuzco.

Question 22

Who killed Francisco Pizarro

Answer 22

The Spaniards fought amongst themselves and Pizarro was killed by his own soldiers.

Question 23

For the next 100 years… (Incas)

Answer 23

For the next 100 years, gold and silver was mined by the Incas who died in their thousands.
• Peru and Bolivia supplied around 65% of the gold and silver sent to Spain in the 16th century.
• As a result, Spain became extremely wealthy.
• Spanish ships sailing between the New World and Spain were attached by English ships, eventually leading to war between the two countries.

Question 24

Spanish also conquered

Answer 24

• The Spanish also conquered parts of south-west North America, e.g. Los Angeles, San Francisco and Las Vegas.

Question 25

Colonization – what was the impact on the people of the Americas? (8)

Answer 25

1.Slave trade 2. Plantations 6. Architecture and town planning 3. Spanish system 4. Religion and language 8. Commemoration and controversy 5. Economy 7. Change in clothing

Question 26

The slave trade, how long did it last?

Answer 26

The slave trade lasted for 300 years.

Question 27

Who controlled the slave trade

Answer 27

The Portuguese controlled the trans-Atlantic slave trade and brought the first slaves to the ‘New World’.

Question 28

define colonisation

Answer 28

Colonization = settling among and establishing control over the native people of an area

Question 29

How many slaves brought to America, how many died?

Answer 29

12.5 million slaves were brought to the Americas. 1.8 million of these died on the way in the Middle Passage.

Question 30

Plantations, where were they? + more

Answer 30

There were large plantations in the West Indies with a high death rate for slaves. This meant there was a constant supply of slaves to these islands. Conditions on plantations were brutal.

Question 31

The Spanish developed large estates called

Answer 31

haciendas

Question 32

They used the ? system to work the land

Answer 32

encomienda

Question 33

This entitled the Spanish to what? What did it create?

Answer 33

This entitled them to use the natives as free slave labour in return for protecting and educating the natives. This created a small, rich ruling class in control of the majority of the poorer population.

Question 34

Dominant religion in central and South America?

Answer 34

• Roman Catholicism is the dominant religion in Central and South America.

Question 35

Main language of Brazil and Spain, central and most of the rest of South America?

Answer 35

• Portuguese is the main language of Brazil and Spanish is the main language in Central and most of the rest of South America.

Question 36

The Spanish brought what into the economy? The land was divided into what?

Answer 36

: the Spaniards brought new diversity into the economy and caused a major revolution in the use of land. • Much of the land was divided into haciendas

Question 37

The Spanish architectures

Answer 37

The Spanish carried European-style architecture to New Spain. • Large churches were built in the Baroque style which was common in Europe in the 17th century. • The Spanish also brought the Laws of the Indies, which gave directions on town planning. • All new towns would include a central plaza and the streets would be laid out in a grid pattern.

Question 38

Change in clothing

Answer 38

Woollen capes or blankets soon began to displace the traditional manta woven from cotton.

Question 39

new tech in ships: caravel (4)

Answer 39

used square and lateen sails which meant they could sail faster castles (raised structures) were built at the front and back to help with defense clinker built, could be bigger and carry more rudders gave more control over steering.

Question 40

new tech in navigation (4)

Answer 40

astrolabes, quadrants and cross-staffs were used to work out latitude a log and line and a sand glass were used to measure speed in knots compasses helped with directions map makers replaced portolan charts with more accurate maps showing the whole world.

Question 41

when was slavery abolished in the united states

Answer 41

1865

Question 42

large plantations growing crops like...?

Answer 42

-Large plantations, growing crops like cotton, tobacco and peanuts, dominated the economy of the Americas

Question 43

commemoration surrounding columbus

Answer 43

commemorated all over the americas with statues, street and city names and one country name columbia

Question 44

what is the 12th of october celebrating

Answer 44

the date columbus landed in the new world, DAY OF THE RACE. Some countries changed name to ‘Day of Respect for Cultural Diversity’ or ‘Day of the Discovery of the Two Worlds.'

Question 45

in the usa what has become controversial, what have these protests resulted in, and what are the names?

Answer 45

In the USA, Columbus Day has become controversial. Protests have resulted in some states changing the name to ‘Indigenous Peoples Day’ or ‘Native American Day’. ​

Question 46

impact on spain (5)

Answer 46

Spain became the richest country in Europe and controlled a large empire.​ Historians estimate that between 1500 and 1600, Spain carried more than 180 tons of gold and 16,000 tones of silver from New Spain to Europe. ​ Spanish language and religions spread. ​ Most countries in Central and South America are Spanish speaking, Catholic countries. ​ In Spain, Columbus is seen as a hero. 12 October is a national holiday.​

Question 46

impact on portugal

Answer 46

Portuguese empire grew.​ Portuguese language spread (Brazil). ​ Heavy emigration from Portugal to Brazil. ​ The Portuguese commemorate the Age of Exploration in their National Day on 10 June. ​

Question 46

reformation

Answer 46

Reformation = a time in 16th century Europe when the Catholic Church was torn apart SCHISM

Question 47

Christianity - denominations?

Answer 47

protestant - catholic ! ! church of ireland, methodist, presbyterian, anglican, baptist

Question 47

The impact of the Reformation and the historical importance of religion

Answer 47

1. As a result of the Reformation, the Catholic Church (the most powerful organisation in Europe) was forced to change (Catholic Counter-Reformation) -This showed the power of the people to force change

Question 47

The Council of Trent were a series of meetings that forced the Catholic Church to change and get rid of the abuses

Answer 47

-Because of the Council of Trent, Catholicism remained the most powerful religion in Europe -The authority and control of the pope over the Catholic Church was strengthened

Question 47

3. New religious orders were established to promote the Catholic religion

Answer 47

-E.g., the Jesuits were founded by St. Ignatius of Loyola. They focused on preaching and teaching. -Jesuit missionaries travelled the world spreading the word of God, e.g. Francis Xavier went to Japan

Question 48

4. Martin Luther inspired a new wave of reformers

Answer 48

-E.g., John Calvin began his reformation in Geneva - Ulrich Zwingli preached his views in Switzerland -Henry VIII began the English reformation

Question 49

Two different architectural styles emerged between Catholic and Protestant churches

Answer 49

-As a result of the Reformation, the Catholic Church commissioned more emotive art that could tell a story e.g., Bernini’s David -Protestant churches followed a plain style and avoided displaying paintings and sculptures

Question 50

The Court of Inquisition tried people accused of heresy (being an enemy of God)

Answer 50

-Protestantism was crushed in Spain and Italy as a result

Question 51

Christianity was, and remains, divided between different churches (5)

Answer 51

-E.g., Catholic, Lutheran, Calvinist, Church of Ireland, Methodist.

Question 52

Education spread

Answer 52

-John Knox (Scottish, Presbyterian leader) said that poor children must be educated by the church -Luther’s 95 Theses were published in vernacular (everyday) languages -Luther also translated the Bible into German -These actions helped spread literacy

Question 53

There have been many wars over religion

Answer 53

. The French Wars of Religion and the English Civil War -French Huguenots (Protestants) were massacred

Question 54

when did martin luther die

Answer 54

February 18, 1546 (age 62 years), Eisleben, Germany