HIV Flashcards
What does aids stand for?
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
What does HIV stand for?
Human immunodeficiency virus
How many people are infected with HIV world wide?
60 million
Where do we believe HIV virus came from?
The chimpanzee virus, simian immunodeficiency virus
What is the mechanism of infection for HIV?
HIV gp120 binds to CD4 cells CCR5 binds to co receptor binding site Fusion through gp41 Nucleocapsid enter cells and RNA is released from core proteins RT synthesise RNA-DNA RNA degraded by RNase H dsDNA translocation into nucleus where it integrates into host chromosomes Transcription of HIV mRNA precursors cleavage Proteins assemble Budding and maturation
What happens to HIV gp120 binds to CD4?
It undergoes conformational changes to expose co receptor binding site and triggers trans membrane gp41
How many virons does HIV replicate each day?
10 to the 10
What is HIVs mutation rate?
3x10 to the -5
Why is HIV so hard to treat?
Many variants of HIV form each day
What are the 4 mechanisms of immune system destruction by HIV?
Kills infected cells cytolytics
Syncytia form
NK cells
Cytotoxic T cells CD8
What is syncytium formation?
Is the fusion of virally infected cells with unaffected cells
How can HIV be prevented?
HIV awareness
HIV counselling
Protected sex
What is the HIV treatment triple therapy (HAART)?
Nucleoside analogue
Non nucleoside analogue
Protease inhibitor
What are the 3 methods of HIV testing?
ELISA
Western blot
PCR
