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Disease Processes > Neuropathy > Flashcards

Neuropathy Flashcards

0
Q

What are the three treatments available to relieve intracranial swelling?

A

Catheter
Craniotomy
Trepanning

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1
Q

What are the three classical symptoms of intracranial swelling?

A

Headache
papilledema (optic disk swelling)
Nausea and vomiting

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2
Q

What are the three membrane levels that form the meninges?

A

Dura matter
Arachnoid
Pia mater

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3
Q

What happens if the meninges experiences a hemorrhagic attack?

A

The small viens in the meninges are torn and blood leaks into the area

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4
Q

What is meningitis?

A

A microbial infection of the meninges

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5
Q

What is the purpose of the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)?

A

Provide physical support for the brain

Carry away toxic metabolites

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6
Q

What is autoregulation?

A

Constriction or dilation of the cerebral blood vessels to control blood flow location

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7
Q

What is the purpose of the blood brain barrier?

A

Prevents microbial access to the brain
Prevents large or hydrophilic molecules entering the CSF
ALLOWS diffusion of small hydrophobic molecules

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8
Q

What determines the effects of a injury to the brain?

A

The location of the injury, not how it occurred

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9
Q

What does brocas aphasia cause?

A

A patient that can understand language but not could not speak

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10
Q

What is the result of wernickes aphasia?

A

A patient who could not understand language but could still speak

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11
Q

What is Ondine’s curse (congenital central hypoventilation syndrome)?

A

Patient suffers from respiratory arrest in there sleep

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12
Q

What is fatal familial insomnia?

A

A prion disease effecting the thalamus

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13
Q

What does damage to the cerebellum cause?

A

Motor disturbances

Can still move but uncoordinated

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14
Q

What are the 3 components of the limbic system?

A

Hippocampus
Amygdala
Hypothalamus

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15
Q

What is one of the first regions of the brain to suffer damage associated with Alzheimers?

A

Hippocampus

16
Q

What is anterograde amnesia?

A

Inability to form or retain new memories

17
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the brain?

A

Parietal
Occipital
Temporal
Frontal

18
Q

What are the early symptoms of a spinal tumour?

A

Back pain

Distal parasthesias

19
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary tumours?

A

Primary form in the brain

Secondary move to the brain after formation

20
Q

What characterises a benign tumour?

A

Grows slowly
Distinct boundaries
Rarely spreads

21
Q

What characterises a malignant tumour?

A

Cancerous
Fast growing and aggressive
Can spread to other brain areas but not to organs outside the nervous system

22
Q

What would a tumour in the occipital lobe possibly cause?

A

Partial or total loss of vision
Hallucinations
Possible seizures

23
Q

What characterises grade I tumours?

A

Least malignant
Most likely for long term survival
Surgery alone can most likely correct

24
Q

What characterises grade IV tumours?

A

Reproduce rapidly
Move to other areas
Induce blood vessel growth to tumour
Have dead cells at the center

25
Q

What types of organism can infect the brain?

A 
Bacteria
Viruses 
Fungi
Parasites 
Prions
26
Q

What is meningitis?

A

Inflammation of the mengines

27
Q

What is encephalitis?

A

Inflammation of the brain

28
Q

What is different about the bacteria that cause meningitis at different ages?

A

They are a different bacteria

29
Q

What causes syphilis?

A

Treponema pallidum

30
Q

What is the end result of syphilis?

A

Insanity due to loss of cerebral cortex nerves

31
Q

What are the symptoms of toxoplasmosis and where is it contracted ?

A

Necrotising cerebritis
Cat faeces/raw meat
Only can survive in immune compromised hosts

32
Q

How does rabies travel to the brain and what are the symptoms?

A

Along the peripheral nerves

Causes violent movements, uncontrolled excitement, mania then coma

33
Q

What causes brain abscesses?

A

Inflammation and collection of infected material from multiple infection sites

34
Q

What is the pathology of Parkinson’s disease?

A

Loss of dopamergic neurons

35
Q

What is contra lateral division of labor?

A

The left side of the brain controls the left side of the body and left visual field and vice versa

Disease Processes (11 decks)

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