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ADELE-Repro Ramblings > HIV > Flashcards

HIV Flashcards

1
Q

TRUE/FALSE even with treatment LE is significantly decreased

A

FALSE- Can have normal LE (may actually be longer due to increased contact with the NHS)

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2
Q

What diseases can be described as a preventable retrovirus?

A

HIV

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3
Q

What does retrovirus mean?

A

When the RNA is transcribed the reverse transcriptase enzyme is used

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4
Q

What is the end result of HIV

A

AIDS, causes death

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5
Q

Which strain of HIV is responsible for the global pandemic

A

HIV-1

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6
Q

What strain of HIV originated in west Africa, is less virulent and less common?

A

HIV-2

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7
Q

What is the target site of r HIV (via gp120)

A

CD4+ receptors

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8
Q

Name 4 cells that CD4+ glycoproteins are found on

A

T helper cells
Dendritic cells
Macrophages
Microglial cells

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9
Q

What 3 effects does HIV infection have on immune response?

A

Sequestration of cells in lymphoid tissues
Reduced proliferation of CD4+ cells
Reduced CD8+ T cell activation

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10
Q

At what level CD4+ in the body is there risk of opportunistic infections?

A

<200 cells/mm3

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11
Q

With HIV viral replication- how often is there a new generation?

A

Every 6-12 hours

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12
Q

Without treatment average time to death is ………

A

10 years

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13
Q

How long after entry is infection established

A

3 days (therefore 3 days to establish prophylaxis)

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14
Q

How long is the average onset after infection

A

2-4 weeks

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15
Q

How might HIV present

A 
Fever
Rash (maculopapular)
Myalgia
Pharyngitis
Headache
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16
Q

Pneumocystis Pneumonia (fungal infection of the lungs) is caused by

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci

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17
Q

What is the most common opportunistic infection in HIV/AIDS

A

Pneumocystis pneumonia

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18
Q

Diagnosis in Pneumocystis Pneumonia is by?

A

BAL and immunofluorescence +- PCR

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19
Q

Treatment for Pneumocystis Pneumonia

A

High dose Co-Trimoxazole (+- steroid)

Prophylaxis: Low dose co-trimoxazole

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20
Q

What is cerebral toxoplasmosis caused by

A

Toxoplasma gondii (from cats)

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21
Q

In order to get CMV the CD4 count has to be

A

<50

22
Q

What is the preventative treatment for CMV?

A

Ophthalmic screening for all individuals with CD4+ <50

23
Q

HIV associated neurocognitive impairment has increasing incidence with

A

increasing Immunosupression

24
Q

The opportunistic infection progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy can look like which other disease?

A

MS

25
Q

What are 3 AIDS related cancers?

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Cervical cancer

26
Q

What causes Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A

EBV

27
Q

TRUE/FALSE

HIV itself is neurotoxic, multiple presentations are due to this in addition to the immunocompromised

A

TRUE

28
Q

Why do people with HIV tend to lose wt?

A

Chronic immune activation wastes energy

29
Q

DDx for mucosal candidiasis

A

Inhalers
Diabetes
HIV

30
Q

Skin lesions that may occur with HIV inc

A 
Opportunistic
- Herpes Zoster
- Herpes Simplex
-HPV
Non Opportunistic
-Seborrheic dermatitis
31
Q

Psoriasis may get worse if someone has HIV, why is this?

A

It is a CD8 mediated disuse, therefore will get worse

32
Q

What condition may get better if someone is diagnosed with HIV?

A

RA (as it is a CD4+ medicated disease)

33
Q

What is the cause of 95% of the HIV transmission?

A

Sexually transmitted

34
Q

What are the high- risk groups for HIV

A
  • MSM
  • F partners of bisexual men
  • People who inject drugs
  • Partner of people living with HIV
  • People from endemic areas (Sub-saharan Africa, Caribbean, Thailand)
35
Q

Who are the most likely group to be transmitting HIV?

A

Undiagnosed ( most likely Hetrosexual men)

36
Q

HIV life expectancy is – years lower in those diagnosed late as compared to those who are receiving prompt treatment

A

10 years

37
Q

When testing for HIV what is the antibodies that you are testing fro?

A

HIV1 and HIV2 antibodies

38
Q

When testing for HIV what is the antigen that you are testing for?

A

p24

39
Q

How many weeks into the infection do the IgM antibodies peak?

A

1-2 weeks

40
Q

IgG in contrast to IgM antibodies ……

A

increase slowly over several months, maintained during chronic infection

41
Q

What is the rapid HIV test?

A

POCT

Fingerprick specimen or saliva

42
Q

What can the recent infection testing algorithm be used for?

A

Can be used to identify is an infection occurred within the preceding 4-6 months

43
Q

What does RITA measure?

A

HIV-1 antibody

44
Q

What is HAART?

A

A combination of 3 drugs from at least 2 drug classes to which the virus is susceptible

45
Q

What are the 3 purposes of therapy in HIV

A
  1. Reduce the viral load
  2. Restore Immunocomprimise
  3. Minimise Toxicity
46
Q

DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS. Be aware that protease inhibitors and NNRTIs are generally….

A

potent liver enzyme inhibitors

47
Q

With HIV there is no risk by casual/household contact but what should not be shared?

A

Razors/toothbrushes

48
Q

In HIV patients when is a c-section delivery preferred?

A

If the viral load is detected (Can have vaginal delivery if the viral load is undetected)

49
Q

What is PrEP?

A

A way for people who do not have HIV but who are at substantial risk of getting it to prevent HIV infection by taking a pill every day

50
Q

What is contained within the PrEP pill?

A

Tenofovir

Emtricitabine

51
Q

What is PEPSE?

A

Post exposure prophylaxis after sexual exposure to HIV

to reduce the risk of infection

ADELE-Repro Ramblings (21 decks)

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