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ADELE-Repro Ramblings > STIs > Flashcards

STIs Flashcards

(91 cards)

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1
Q

Name 3 bacterial STIs

A

Chlamydia
Gonorrhoea
Syphillis

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2
Q

4 viral STIs

A

HPV
Herpes Simplex
Hepatitis
HIV

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3
Q

3 Parasitic STIs

A

Trichomonas Vaginalis
Crabs (Pubic Lice)
Scabies

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4
Q

The main mode of transmission is human-human. Which STI can have some inanimate sources?

A

T vaginalis

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5
Q

What factors affect the infectiousness of the index case?

A

Concentration and phenotype of the organism
Susceptibility of the sexual partner
Resistance of the host

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6
Q

Classic catchphrase

Immunity is —-, reinfections are ——, vaccine development is ———

A

Immunity is rare, reinfections common and vaccine development difficult (Hep B and HPV)

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7
Q

Which bacteria predominate in the healthy vagina?

A

Lactobacillis spp.

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8
Q

What do Lactobacillis spp produce?

A

Lactic acid +- hydrogen peroxide (they suppress growth of other bacteria)

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9
Q

What bacteria is part of a normal vagina and would only be of worry if picked up on the swab of a pregnant lady?

A

Group B beta-haemolytic streptococcus

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10
Q

What bacteria is only worrying in the vagina if symptomatic?

A

Candida spp

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11
Q

What is the normal pH of the vagina?

A

PH 4-4.5

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12
Q

What two bacteria cause urethritis?

A

Gonorrhoea

Chlamydia

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13
Q

What greatly increases the probability of HIV acquisition?

A

Genital Ulcers

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14
Q

What does candida look like?

A

Creamy white discharge with redness

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15
Q

What is the most common type of candida?

A

Candida-albicans

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16
Q

Predisposing factors to candida

A

Recent antibiotic therapy
high oestrogen levels
diabetes (if poorly controlled)
Immunocomprimised

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17
Q

With repeated treatment albicans die as they are less resistant and —- ——– which are resistant to treatment grow

A

non-albicans

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18
Q

What type of infection in candida?

A

fungus

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19
Q

How do you diagnose candida?

A

Vaginal swab for culture

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20
Q

Is candida itchy?

A

INTENSELY ITCHY

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21
Q

Treatment for candida

A

Topical Clotrimazole (oral fluconazole?)

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22
Q

What does this describe- The vagina is not inflamed, itch is rare, vagina pH is more alkaline

A

Bacterial vaginosis

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23
Q

Describe the discharge bacterial vaginosis

A

Fishy smelling, white homogenous, may contain frothy bubbles

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24
Q

In bacterial vaginosis what is seen on wet mount?

A

Clue cells

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25
Bacterial vaginosis is an STI TRUE/FALSE
FALSE
26
Treatment of bacterial vaginosis
Metronidazole (or clindamycin cream)
27
What are the 5 places that Chlamydia/Gonorrhoea can infect?
``` Urethra Rectum Throat Eyes Endocervix ```
28
What is the commonest STI in the UK?
Chlamydia
29
Which organism does not stain with the gram stain as no peptidoglycan in the cell wall (but if it did it would be gram negative)?
Chlamydia
30
What are the 3 serological subgrouping of Chlamydia
Serovars A-C --> Trachoma (eye infection-not STI) Serovars D-K --> genital infection Serovars L1-L3 --> LGV
31
What does gonorrhoea look like on microscopy?
Two kidney beans facing each other
32
Treatment of Gonorrhoea
IM Ceftriaxone (2nd line - Cefixime oral)
33
Test of cure is recommended in all STI cases TRUE/FALSE
FALSE- only recommended in gonorrhoea due to concerns of resistance
34
What is the incubation period of urethral infections of gonorrhoea in men?
Usually short (2-5 days)
35
Treatment of chlamydia
Uncomplicated- Doxycycline | Complicated- Azithromycin
36
Presentation of chlamydia
-Pain when peeing -Unusual discharge (mild, watery) WOMEN -Pain in tummy -Bleeding after sex/between periods MEN -Pain/swelling in testicles
37
Complications of Chlamydia
PID Reactive arthritis Epididoymo-orchitis
38
What are the three main components of reactive arthritis (formerly known as Reiters syndrome)
Urethritis Conjunctivitis Seronegative arthritis
39
Where is there a lot of genetic exchange of resistance within......
the pharynx
40
Presentation of gonorrhoea
Thick green/yellow discharge Pain when urinating Bleeding between periods
41
What proportion of people with gonorrhoea are asymptomatic?
10% Men | 50% Women
42
If someone presents with Chlamydia/ Gonorrhoea how do you diagnose them?
Swab- Men (1st void early morning urine), Women (Vaginal swab) Then NAAT --> Tests for both organisms in one test
43
How does LGV present?
Rectal pain Discharge Bleeding
44
LGV rectally has identical histology with what?
Crohns
45
Treatment of LGV
3 week course of doxycycline
46
What is proctitis?
Inflammation of the lining of the rectum
47
Presentation of acute bacterial prostatitis
Symptoms of UTI Pain (lower abdomen pain/back/perineal pain) Tender prostate on examination
48
Acute bacterial prostatitis can be caused by different things in younger v older men
Young- Chlamydia/Gonorrhoea | Older- UTI
49
Treatment of acute bacterial prostatitis
Ciprofloxacin 28 days
50
What is the bacterium that causes syphillis?
Treponema pallidum
51
As treponema palladium does not stain on gram stain what does the diagnosis depend on?
PCR test
52
What are the 4 stages of syphillis infection
Primary lesion Secondary stage Latent stage Late stage syphillis
53
What is the primary lesion of syphillis
Chancre | Organism multiplies at the inoculation sites
54
Chance is painful TRUE/FALSE
TRUE | Painless, non-tender lymphadenopathy
55
What is the secondary stage of syhpillis?
Large numbers of bacteria circulating in blood with multiple manifestations at different sites
56
What is the most highly infectious lesion in syphillis?
Condylomata Lata
57
What is late stage syphillis?
Cardiovascular or neurovsacular complications many years later
58
What is the screening test for syphillis?
Combined IgG and IgM ELISA
59
IgM ELISA is a marker of....
Recurrent, untreated infection (of syphillis)
60
TPPA and VDRL are marker are...
Untreated active infection (of syphillis)
61
What are the specific serology used in Syphillis?
Combined IgG and IgM ELISA | TPPA
62
TRUE/FALSE TPPA remains positive for life
TRUE, therefore not useful for monitoring
63
What are the non specific serology used in syphillis?
VDRL | RPR
64
What is non-specific serology good/bad for
Useful for mentoring response to therapy (usually decline and can become negative after successful treatment) Indicate tissue inflammation, may be false positive
65
Treatment of syphillis
Penecillin
66
Which two serology stay positive for life in syphillis?
IgG | TPPA
67
Which serology becomes negative after treatment?
IgM | VDRL
68
If syphillis but penicillin allergic what do you do
Penecillin desensitisation
69
Penecillin has a very ---- rate of replication
slow
70
What is the cause of Genital Herpes?
HSV
71
What are the two types of HSV that can cause genital herpes?
HSV type 1 (also cause cold sores) | HSV type 2 (more common)
72
Presentation of genital herpes
``` Blistering/ulcerating pain Extreme dysuria Discharge Lymphadenopathy Fever ```
73
In genital herpes there can be exquisitely painful multiple small vesicles. What specifically causes this?
Inflammation at nerve endings
74
TRUE/FALSE | HSV2 viral shedding more than HSV1
TRUE
75
What is the best test for HSV carriage between recurrences?
There is no good test. PSYCH
76
Treatment of genital herpes
aciclovir + lignocaine
77
What is the Ddx you need to consider when there is a vanishing and recurring rash
Most likely HSV | Shingles (rare)
78
Are recurrent episodes more common with HSV-1 or HSV-2
HSV-2
79
What causes genital warts?
HPV
80
What is the most common viral STI in the UK?
HPV
81
What types of HPV are the most common causes of anogenital warts
HPV6 and HPV11
82
TRUE/FALSE Subclinic disease is common in genital warts
TRUE ( likely to have acquired HPOV from an asymptomatic partner)
83
What is the incubation period of genital warts?
3wks-9months
84
Who is able to get the HPV vaccination?
Girls 11-13years | MSM <45
85
Treatment for genital warts
Podophyllotoxin (Warticon) Imiquimod Cryotherapy Electrocautery
86
Presentation of trichomonas vaginalis
Yellowish/green vaginal discharge frothy Itching Soreness (IN FEMALES)
87
Diagnosis for trichomonas vaginalis
HVS for microscopy
88
Treatment of trichomonas vaginalis
Oral metronidazole
89
How are pubic lice acquired?
Close genital skin contact
90
What actually causes the itching with pubic lice?
Lice bites skin and feed on skin which causes itching in pubic area
91
Treatment for pubic lice
Malathion lotion

ADELE-Repro Ramblings (21 decks)

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