Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ADELE-Repro Ramblings > Reproductive Gynaecology > Flashcards

Reproductive Gynaecology Flashcards

1
Q

TRUE/FALSE

The reproductive cycle is entirely variable, therefore it is impossible to predict onset of the next mensturation

A

FALSE

Although cycle duration is variable there is a fixed 14 days from ovulation to onset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 layers of the blastocyst?

A

Embryocele
Trophoblast
Blastocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What hormone stimulates ovarian follicle development and granulose cells to produce oestrogen?

A

FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What two things in the follicular phase inhibit FSH production (in order to cause atresia to all but the dominant follicle)

A

^ Oestrogens

Inhibit by dominant follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What hormone surges 24-48h prior to ovulation?

A

LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What 3 things happen in the luteal phase post ovulation?

A

Formation of corpus luteum
Progesterone production
Luteolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What hormone in the proliferative phase of the endometrial cycle induces growth go endometrial glands and storm?

A

Oestrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the predominant hormone in the luteal phase?

A

Progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What inhibits scar tissue formation in mensturation?

A

Firbinolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

TRUE/FALSE

Glands and stroma in the secretory phase become more torturous

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does post-menopausal endometrium look like?

A

non-cycling, inactive, thin and atrophic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is the functional endometrial layer shed off?

A

As it outgrows the blood supply (the spiral arteries collapse)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What endometrial thickness in postmenopausal women would indicate that a biopsy is needed?

A

> 4mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the average premenopausal endometrial thickness?

A

16mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The corpus luteum function is to drive the ———- endothelium

A

Secretory endothelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What 3 reasons make an endometrial biopsy difficult to interpret?

A
  1. Constant changes during reproductive life
  2. Changes due to hormone therapy
  3. Lack of clinical data
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the two ways to get an endometrial sample using hysteroscopy?

A
  1. Endometrial pipelle

2. Dilation and Curettage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What 4 things is it important to check for evidence of on biopsy?

A

Endometriosis
Hyperplasia
Malignancy
Haemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

TRUE/FASLE

The undifferentiated gonads of XX and XY are identical, can form ovaries or testes

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What 2 things do fetal testes secrete in order to stop ovaries developing?

A

Testerone

Mullerian Inhibiting Factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the names of the 2 primitive genital tracts?

A

Wolffian duct

Mullerian duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

In Males which primitive genital tract remains?

A

Wolffian duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

In Females which primitive genital tract remains?

A

Mullerian duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How early into development foes differentiation of external genitalia begin?

A

9WKS

25
Q

From what age are you able to differentiate male from female on scan?

A

16wks

26
Q

What do those with androgen insensitivity syndrome phenotypically look like?

A

Female genitalia
Absence of ovaries/uterus
Lack of pubic hair

27
Q

How do you treat Androgen insensitivity syndrome?

A

Remove testes to prevent development of seminoma

28
Q

Why is it important that the testes descend?

A

Lower temperature outside body to regulate spermatogenesis

Nervous reflex triggers dartos muscle contraction in scrotal sac

29
Q

TRUE/FALSE

Those with cryptoorchism are infertile

A

FALSE

Commonly reduced sperm count nut if unilateral then usually fertile

30
Q

Epididymus is located posterior to the testes TRUE/FALSE

A

TRUE

31
Q

What 3 things could be the cause of small/difficult to palpate testes?

A

Cryptoorchism
Kallmanns
Kleinfelters

32
Q

What is spermatogenesis?

A

Process by which haploid spermatozoa develop from germ cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testes

33
Q

How long does it take from undifferentiated diploid germ cells to multiply and be transformed into haploid spermatozoa?

A

3 months

34
Q

What are the two function of testis?

A

1-Spermatogenesis

2-Production of testosterone

35
Q

What in the testis produces testosterone?

A

Leydig cells

36
Q

What in the testis produces sperm?

A

Seminiferous Tubules

37
Q

Why is the acrosome important?

A

It contains enzymes for penetrating the ovum

38
Q

6 functions of sertoli cells

A
  1. Form blood-testes barrier
  2. Provide nutrients for developing cells
  3. Phagocytosis
  4. Secrete seminiferous tubule fluid
  5. Secrete androgen binding globulin
  6. Secrete inhibit and activin hormones
39
Q

How often is GnRH realised from the hypothalamus?

A

Every 2-3 hours

40
Q

What does GnRH stimulate the anterior pituitary to produce?

A

LH

FSH

41
Q

What is GnRH under negative feedback from?

A

Testosterone

42
Q

What does LH act on in males?

A

Leydig cells

regulate testosterone secretion

43
Q

What does FSH act on in males?

A

Sertoli cells

to enhance spermatogenesis

44
Q

What are the effects of testosterone on an adult?

A 
Controls spermatogenesis
Secondary sexual characteristics
Lidido
Penile erection
Aggressive behaviour
45
Q

Where are the Sertoli cells located?

A

Seminiferous tubule

46
Q

Where does fertilisation tend to happen?

A

Ampullary region of the fallopian tube

47
Q

What forms 90% of the ejaculate volume?

A

seminal fluid

48
Q

Why is seminal fluid alkaline?

A

To buffer vaginal acidity

49
Q

What part of the male anatomy concentrates and stores sperm and is the site for its maturation?

A

Epididymus and vas deferens

50
Q

Seminal vesicles produce semen into ejaculatory duct. What 3 others things are secreted alongside it and why?

A

Fructuose- Energy for sperm
Prostaglandins- Stimulate motility
Fibrinogen- Clot precursor

51
Q

What 2 things does the prostate gland produce?

A

Alkaline fluid

Clotting enzymes

52
Q

What do the bulbourethral glands secrete and why?

A

Mucous-lubricant

53
Q

What is the route of sperm from the testes?

A 
Testes
Epididymus
Vas deferens
Ejaculatory duct
Urethra
54
Q

Erection is under which type of control?

A

Parasympathetic

55
Q

What happens during erection?

A

Corpus cavenosum fills with blood

56
Q

How is semen expelled from the urethra?

A

Contraction of accessory sex glands

57
Q

Ejaculation is under what type of control?

A

Sympathetic

58
Q

What 3 things may cause retrograde ejaculation?

A
  1. Diabetes
  2. Prostatic surgery
  3. Anticholinergic drugs

ADELE-Repro Ramblings (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions