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ADELE-Repro Ramblings > Pelvic Mass > Flashcards

Pelvic Mass Flashcards

1
Q

Bowel causes of pelvic mass

A

Constipation
Caecal carcinoma
Appendix abscess
Diverticular abscess

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2
Q

Uterine causes of a pelvic mass

A

Pregnancy
Fibroids
Cancer?

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3
Q

What would the difference in surgery be if you thought it was benign/malignant ovarian mass?

A

Malignant–> Open Surgery (Laparotomy)

Benign–> Laproscopically

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4
Q

What are the 5 types of Fallopian tube pathology

A
  1. Inflammation
  2. Cysts/tumours
  3. Serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma
  4. Endometriosis
  5. Ectopic pregnancy
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5
Q

What diagnosis should always be considered in any female of reproductive age with amenorrhoea + acute hypotension or an acute abdomen

A

Ectopic pregnancy

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6
Q

What are functional cysts related to

A

Ovulation

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7
Q

Are functional cysts something to worry about?

A

No. Rarely >5cm in diameter, usually resolve spontaneously, often incidental finding

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8
Q

What is an example of a follicular cyst?

A

Polycystic ovaries

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9
Q

How does endometrial cysts present?

A

Severe dysmetnnorhoea
Premenstural pain
Dyspareunia
Tender mass

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10
Q

What is the risk with large chocolate cysts?

A

It may rupture

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11
Q

What are the 4 types of cyst

A

Functional
Endometrial
Epithelial
Mesothelial

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12
Q

What is the appearance of endometriosis?

A

Shiny surface with lots of vascularity

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13
Q

What are the potential complications of endometriosis?

A 
Pain
Cyst formation
Adhesions
Ectopic pregnancy
Malignancy (endometrial carcinoma)
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14
Q

Name 3 protective factors for ovarian tumours

A

OCP
Pregnancy
Breastfeeding

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15
Q

What 4 things increase the risk of ovarian tumours?

A 
Genetics
- BRACA
-Lynch Syndrome (HNPCC)
PCOS
Endometriosis
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16
Q

What are the two tumour markers used in ovarian cancer?

A

CA125

CEA

17
Q

How is the risk of malignancy (RMI) calculated

A

Menopausal status x serum CA125 x US score

18
Q

3 modes of spread of ovarian cancer

A
  1. Transcoelomic spread/peritoneal seeding within pelvis
  2. Haematogenous spread
  3. Brain mets
19
Q

What does optimal surgical resection mean?

A

<1cm left

20
Q

What is suboptimal resection of ovarian tumour?

A

> 1cm left

21
Q

TRUE/FASLE

Chemotherapy can be given pre/post surgery. Tend to be given first if the tumour is a higher stage

A

TRUE
1A or 1B- Chemo afterwards
IIIc or IV- Chemo first

22
Q

Give an example of a platinum agent?

A

Carboplatin

23
Q

When is hormonal therapy used?

A

Women with recurrent, platinum-resistant, ovarian cancer
OR
In those wishing to avoid/delay further chemotherapy

24
Q

Why is BRACA phenotype good if you are diagnosed with ovarian cancer?

A

Repeated good response to platinum based chemotherapy
Longer remissions
Improved overall survival stage for stage

25
Q

What is the most common type of ovarian tumour (90%)?

A

Epithelial ovarain tumour

26
Q

What are the five types of epithelial ovarian tumour?

A 
Serous
Mucinous
Endometriod
Clear cell
Brenner
27
Q

What does endometriosis and clear cell carcinoma have an association with?

A

Lynch syndrome

28
Q

TRUE/FALSE

Dermoid cysts are almost always benign in women and men

A

FALSE

  • Almost always benign in women
  • Almost always malignant in men
29
Q

Germ cell tumours make up what percentage of ovarian tumours?

A

10% (some say up to 20%)

30
Q

What is the most common type of germ cell tumour?

A

Mature benign cystic teratoma

“dermoid cyst”

31
Q

What does a dermoid cyst look like on XR?

A

Rim calcification

Fat inside which is a different density

32
Q

What is the most common malignant primitive germ cell tumour?

A

Dysgerminoma

33
Q

Who is dysgerminoma most common in?

A

Almost exclusively children and young women (average age 22)

34
Q

What are the three types of sex cord/stromal tumours?

A

Fibroma/Thecoma
Granulosa cell tumour
Sertoli-Leydig tumour

35
Q

Granulosa cell tumours may be associated with what type of malformation?

A

Osteogenic

36
Q

Metastatic tumours to the ovaries are classically from

A

Stomach
Colon
Breast
Pancreas

37
Q

If Crookenburg tumour (Signet ring cancer cell) on the ovary is a metastasis from the …

A

breast

38
Q

Malignant germ cell tumours may produce which hormone?

A

hCG or AFP

ADELE-Repro Ramblings (21 decks)

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