HIV and AIDS in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Flashcards
(24 cards)
What was the global estimate of people living with HIV in 2015?
36.7 million globally; 2.1 million new infections; 1.1 million deaths (2015).
What region bears the greatest burden of HIV infections?
Sub-Saharan Africa (home to 2/3 of global HIV cases).
What percentage of maternal deaths in South Africa in 2015 were AIDS-related?
32% of maternal mortality.
How many children were living with HIV in Nigeria by 2014?
380000
What is the HIV prevalence among ANC attendees in Nigeria?
3.0% overall; ranges from 0.9% in Zamfara to 15.4% in Benue.
What is the difference between HIV-1 and HIV-2?
HIV-2 is less transmissible, slower progressing, and has lower MTCT rates; HIV-1 is globally dominant.
What are the main routes of HIV transmission?
Blood contact, sexual contact, vertical (mother-to-child) transmission.
At what stages can mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV occur?
During pregnancy, delivery, and breastfeeding.
Without interventions, what is the estimated rate of MTCT?
25–40% of infants born to HIV-infected women (without intervention).
List three risk factors for MTCT during labour and delivery.
High maternal viral load, prolonged rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis.
What are the four pillars of comprehensive HIV prevention in infants and children?
1) Primary prevention; 2) Prevention of unintended pregnancies; 3) Prevention of MTCT; 4) Treatment, care and support.
What does the ABC approach to primary HIV prevention stand for?
A = Abstinence; B = Be faithful; C = Condom use.
What is the preferred HIV testing strategy during antenatal care?
Opt-out strategy.
Why is HIV testing important in pregnancy?
Enables access to PMTCT services, HIV care, and informed reproductive decision-making.
What interventions are used to prevent MTCT?
HIV testing, ARV therapy, safer delivery, and safer infant feeding.
How do ARVs help in PMTCT?
Reduce maternal viral load, treat infection, protect infant, and improve maternal health.
When should daily Nevirapine be started for HIV-exposed infants?
Within 72 hours of birth, continued for at least 6 weeks.
Who are considered “high-risk” HIV-exposed infants?
Mothers with <4 weeks of ART, VL >1000 copies/ml, recent infection, or late diagnosis postpartum.
What prophylaxis is recommended for high-risk breastfed infants?
Dual AZT + NVP for 12 weeks.
When is cotrimoxazole prophylaxis recommended for HIV-exposed infants?
From 6 weeks of age until HIV is ruled out (12 weeks after stopping breastfeeding).
What is the advised feeding option for HIV-positive mothers?
Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months, then introduce family diet.
What precautions should be taken in obstetric care to prevent MTCT?
Avoid invasive procedures, delay amniotomy, avoid episiotomy/forceps unless necessary.
What is the recommended ART regimen for a pregnant woman with tuberculosis?
TDF + 3TC + EFV or ATRIPLA®, initiated ASAP after starting TB treatment.
What are some common conditions seen before immune suppression in HIV?
Anaemia, TB, persistent diarrhoea, STIs, oral/vaginal candidiasis, herpes zoster, weight loss.
