Endometriosis And Adenomyosis Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is endometriosis?
The presence of endometrial-like gland and/or stroma outside the uterine cavity.
What type of disease is endometriosis?
Estrogen-dependent.
What is the prevalence of endometriosis in reproductive-age women?
Affects about 7–10% of women in reproductive age.
What percentage of women with endometriosis are subfertile?
30–40%.
Name the common pelvic sites of endometriosis.
Ovary, pelvic peritoneum, fallopian tubes, bladder, rectum, pelvic colon, uterosacral and round ligaments.
List three extra-pelvic sites where endometriosis can occur.
Umbilicus, surgical scars (e.g. CS scars), lungs, pleura, brain.
What are the three types of endometriosis?
Superficial peritoneal lesions, endometrioma (ovarian cysts), deep infiltrating endometriosis.
What is the Sampson’s theory of endometriosis?
Retrograde menstruation leading to implantation of endometrial tissue outside the uterus.
State two risk factors for endometriosis.
Early menarche, long menstrual flow, nulliparity, family history.
Describe the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
Ectopic endometrial tissue bleeds during menstruation, causing inflammation, scarring, and adhesion formation.
List three classical symptoms of endometriosis.
Dysmenorrhoea, deep dyspareunia, chronic pelvic pain, infertility.
What are complications associated with endometriosis?
Tubo-ovarian adhesion, ovulatory interference, distorted tubal architecture, chronic pain disability.
What is the gold standard for diagnosing endometriosis?
Laparoscopy ± biopsy.
Mention three non-invasive diagnostic tools for endometriosis.
Therapeutic trial, pelvic ultrasound, pelvic MRI, CA-125 levels.
What are the two general types of treatment for endometriosis?
Medical and surgical.
Name two non-hormonal medical treatments for endometriosis.
NSAIDs and psychotherapy.
List four hormonal medical therapies for endometriosis.
COCPs, Danazol, GnRH agonists, LNG-IUS, Dienogest, aromatase inhibitors.
Differentiate between conservative and radical surgery for endometriosis.
Conservative: excision of lesions, ovarian cystectomy; Radical: hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.
What is adenomyosis?
Presence of functioning endometrial tissue within the myometrium.
What age group is most commonly affected by adenomyosis?
Multiparous women in late 30s and early 40s.
State two symptoms and one sign of adenomyosis.
Dysmenorrhoea, menorrhagia; sign: bulky tender uterus.
How is adenomyosis diagnosed?
USS ± Doppler, MRI, confirmed by histology after hysterectomy.
What is the preferred treatment for adenomyosis in parous women above 40?
Hysterectomy.
Name a conservative surgical option for younger women with adenomyosis.
Adenomyomectomy.
