Hormones In Both Age In Athletes For Performance Enhancement - Final Exam

Question 1

What percentage of people between the ages of 65-74 have impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes?

Answer 1

40% and increasing with age

Question 2

What are 2 main factors in deterioration of glucose metabolism?

Answer 2

1. Decrease insulin secretion by beta cells

2. Increase insulin resistance (poor diet, physical inactivity, increase abdominal fat and decrease lean body fat)

Question 3

What does small changes in thyroid do as we age?

Answer 3

Decrease in TSH secretion from pituitary

Question 4

What does large changes in thyroid do as we age?

Answer 4

Decrease T4 metabolism in peripheral tissues

- T4 stays the same while T3 decreases

Question 5

What major hormone decreases with age?

Answer 5

Growth hormone

Question 6

What decreases more in women with increasing age and why?

Answer 6

• Bone mineral density

- Since less androgens that increase bone and lower estrogen after menopause

Question 7

What is associated with osteoporosis?

Answer 7

High glucocorticoid therapy

Question 8

What 4 factors play an important role in osteoporosis?

Answer 8

1. Zinc
2. Copper
3. Iron
4. Vitamin D

Question 9

What happens to your bones when they get too much vitamin D?

Answer 9

They begin to go soft

Question 10

What 2 things decreases in both men and women with age?

Answer 10

1. DHEA

2. Testosterone

Question 11

DHEA

Answer 11

Dehydroepiandrosterone

Question 12

What does replacement testosterone therapy pose a risk on? (6)

Answer 12

Increase risk of…

1. Heart attack
2. Strokes
3. Blood clots
4. Heart-rhythm irregularities
5. Sleep apnea
6. Prostate cancer

Question 13

What are the functions of ovarian estrogen and progesterone suppose to do? (2)

Answer 13

1. Maintain reproductive function
2. Modulate…
   - cardiovascular
   - neural
   - immune
   - gastrointestinal
   - musculo-skeletal systems

Question 14

Can women who have had a hysterectomy have hormone replacement therapy and not be harmed and if so why?

Answer 14

• Yes they can

- Because they no longer produce estrogen

Question 15

What 2 hormones increase during pregnancy?

Answer 15

1. Estrogen

2. Progesterone

Question 16

How does estrogen and progesterone effect the mother during pregnancy? (2)

Answer 16

1. Changes metabolism

2. Changes cardiovascular function

Question 17

What 7 things can occur after menopause?

Answer 17

1. Vasomotor flushes
2. Vaginal dryness
3. Urinary symptoms
4. Risk of osteoporosis
5. Risk of coronary heart disease increase
6. Stroke
7. Dementia with increasing age

Question 18

What hormone does the hypothalamus secrete?

Answer 18

Gonadotropin releasing hormone

Question 19

What 2 hormones does the anterior pituitary gland secrete?

Answer 19

1. Luteinizing hormone

2. Follicle stimulating hormone

Question 20

What are 6 types of performance enhancing drugs?

Answer 20

1. Non-approved substances
2. Anabolic agents
3. Peptide hormones, growth factors, related substance and mimics
4. Beta-z agonist
5. Hormones and metabolic modulators
6. Diuretics and masking agents

Question 21

What are 3 ways of manipulation for drugs?

Answer 21

1. Blood and blood components
2. Chemical and physical manipulation
3. Gene doping

Question 22

PED

Answer 22

Performing enhancing drugs

Question 23

What are 3 benefits to PEDs?

Answer 23

1. Better performance
2. Better health
3. Demonstrates and discover novel and effective uses of hormones

Question 24

What are 6 negative effects to PEDs?

Answer 24

1. Long term negative health effects on hormones
2. Short term health risks
3. Poor applications lessens performance
4. Unknown health consequences
5. Against the “rules”
6. All athletes cant access them