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Bio 432 > Topic 4 - Nuclear Receptors and Apoptosis > Flashcards

Topic 4 - Nuclear Receptors and Apoptosis Flashcards

1
Q

HRE

A

Hormone response element

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2
Q

Nuclear receptors have 2 things, what are they?

A
  1. Soluble receptors

2. Regulate transcription (acts as HRE)

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3
Q

The large super family of nuclear receptors are divided by structure into 3 groups, what are they?

A
  1. Steroid receptor family (GR, MR, AR, PR)
  2. Thyroid receptor family (TR, ER, RAR, RXR, PPAR, VDR)
  3. > 100 orphan receptors
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4
Q

Where are steroid receptors stored?

A

In the cytoplasm

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5
Q

Where are thyroid receptors stored?

A

In the nucleus

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6
Q

GR

A

Glucocorticoid receptor (blood glucose-stress)

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7
Q

MR

A

Mineralocorticoids (Na/K)

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8
Q

AR

A

Androgen receptor (male sex; binds testosterone or dihydrotestosterone)

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9
Q

PR

A

Progesterone receptor (supports pregnancy/embryogenesis)

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10
Q

TR

A

Thyroid hormone receptor (development/metabolism/heart rate)

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11
Q

ER

A

Estrogen receptor (female sex)

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12
Q

RAR

A

Retinoic acid receptor (retinoids (vit A)/vision/cell cycle/immunity)

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13
Q

RXR

A

Retinoic x receptor (heterodimer with other receptors in this family plus binds retinoids)

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14
Q

PPAR

A

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (developmental/metabolism)

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15
Q

VDR

A

Vitamin D receptor (Ca/P/developmental) - helps in the immune function

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16
Q

Steroid receptor signalling steps (4)

A
  1. Steroid hormone diffuses across membrane
  2. Hormone binding releases HSP and exposes NLS and dimerization occurs
  3. Hormone-receptor complex transported into nucleus
  4. Hormone-receptor complex binds to HRE and activates transcription
17
Q

HSP

A

Heat shock protein

18
Q

NLS

A

Nuclear localization signal

19
Q

When do HSP dimerize?

A

When they are bound to NLS

20
Q

What are the 3 basic domains that are important for nuclear receptors

A
  1. Amino terminal domain
  2. DNA binding domain
  3. Ligand binding domain
21
Q

What is the function of the amino terminal domain?

A

Ligand-independent transactivation

22
Q

What are the functions of the DNA binding domain? (2)

A
  1. DNA binding

2. Dimerization

23
Q

What are the functions of the ligand binding domain? (5)

A
  1. Hetero- and homo- dimerization
  2. Ligand binding
  3. Ligand-dependent transactivation
  4. Nuclear translocation
  5. Association with heat shock proteins
24
Q

Which receptor acts alone?

A

TH receptor

25
Q

Which ligands act alone? (3)

A
  1. Non-genomic ligands
  2. Steroid ligands
  3. TH ligands
26
Q

AF 1 or 2

A

Activation function 1 or 2

27
Q

What kind of structure does zinc adopt when it binds?

A

A planar structure

28
Q

What does diethylstibesterol mimic for binding and changes the conformation when you have a co-activator in place?

A

Estrogen

29
Q

What does structure mousetrap in phobic pocket allow for?

A

Co-activator binding

30
Q

Corepression and coactivation of nuclear receptor steps (3)

A
  1. Corepressor complex HDACs close chromatin, repressing transcription
  2. Ligand binds and ATP used to remodel chromatin
    3a. Coactivators recruit HATs, opens chromatin for transcription
    3b. Large coactivator complexes for TR and VDR bridge with basal transcription machinery
31
Q

HDAC

A

Histone deacetylasses

32
Q

BBP

A

Blood binding proteins

33
Q

What do BBP do? (2)

A
  1. Transports hormones

2. Controlled release

34
Q

What is apoptosis?

A

Programmed cell death leading to dissolution of a cell and then phagocytosis of apoptotic bodies by macrophages

35
Q

What are 2 biological features associated with cell death?

A
  1. DNA fragmentation

2. Alteration of membrane lipid compartmentalization

36
Q

What type of cells are associated with cell death?

A

Oncogenes

37
Q

What is Bcl-2?

A

It is a suppressor of death rather than a promoter of proliferation

38
Q

What does p53 tumor suppressor promote?

A

Cell death

Bio 432 (19 decks)

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