Topic 6 - Growth Hormone Part 2 & Growth Diseases

Question 1

What does fetal growth depend on? (2)

Answer 1

1. Oxygen

2. Nutrients

Question 2

Why do doctors prick the heels of babies when they are first born?

Answer 2

To measure for physical and mental health

Question 3

What is the result of pregnant mothers who have an unhealthy eating style?

Answer 3

This results in low birth weight for babies

Question 4

What are 5 factors that affect fetal growth and mental development?

Answer 4

1. Alcohol
2. Drugs
3. Smoking
4. Illness
5. Chronic stress
   All while pregnant

Question 5

What is the placenta important for?

Answer 5

For fetal growth for O2, nutrients and hormones

Question 6

What are 3 things that are important for fetal growth?

Answer 6

1. IGF-1
2. IGF-2
3. GH

Question 7

What happens if the brain doesnt get enough glucose?

Answer 7

The body will be “thrown under the bus” just to make sure the brain gets its proper amount

Question 8

What are the 4 most predominant ages for growth?

Answer 8

1. Fetus
2. Just after birth
3. Around 2 years
4. Puberty

Question 9

What is GH effects most controlled by? (2)

Answer 9

IGF-1 and IGF-2

Question 10

What are 5 things GH has a direct effect on?

Answer 10

1. Liposis
2. AA uptake
3. Protein synthesis in liver
4. Decrease uptake sugar
5. Glycogen synthesis

Question 11

Acromegaly

Answer 11

Abnormal growth of the hands, feet, and face, caused by overproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary gland after puberty

Question 12

What does high GH lead to?

Answer 12

High IGF-1 causing proliferation of bone, cartilage and soft tissues

Question 13

How to you treat acromegaly?

Answer 13

With GH receptor antagonists (blocks the signal and prevents GH from being produced)

Question 14

What causes too much GH? (2)

Answer 14

1. Most often a pituitary tumour or enlarged pituitary due to overstimulation by a regulatory hormone coming from a hypothalamic tumour
2. Could be expressed where it is not suppose to be expressed leading to overstimulation

Question 15

What causes to little GH? (2)

Answer 15

1. Reduced function of absent GHR (Laron’s dwarfism) –> resistant to GH
2. Insensitivity or deficiency to IGF-1

Question 16

What are 5 GH disease?

Answer 16

1. Acromegaly
2. Gigantism
3. Laron’s dwarfism
4. Normal short kids
5. Severe chronic disease involving any organ

Question 17

What is Gigantism?

Answer 17

Excessive growth and high due to high GH

Question 18

What causes Laron’s dwarfism?

Answer 18

Either a GH receptor problem or an IGF-1 problem

Question 19

What causes “normal short kid”?

Answer 19

You have short parents resulting is lower than average kids

Question 20

What kind of therapy is there for undersized kids?

Answer 20

Recombinant GH

Question 21

How can you make yourself taller?

Answer 21

Athletes abuse GH by over exceeding the proper amount

Question 22

What does GH promotes the development of?

Answer 22

Lean (fat free) muscles