How Far Did The ND affect The Lives Of Ethnic Minorities Within The USA?

Question 1

What statement is presented for agreement in the text?

Answer 1

How far do you agree with this statement? (20 marks)

Question 2

Who are some specific women mentioned as examples of success?

Answer 2

• Eleanor Roosevelt
• Mary Bethune
• Frances Perkins

Question 3

What was the approximate demographic composition of the area discussed?

Answer 3

The impact comprised approximately ten percent of the population.

Question 4

What was the status of black Americans after slavery was abolished in 1866?

Answer 4

They faced considerable racial discrimination.

Question 5

What legal measures contributed to the segregation of black Americans?

Answer 5

Jim Crow laws

Question 6

What major migration occurred for black Americans in the 1920s and 1930s?

Answer 6

The Great Migration

Question 7

What was the jobless rate for black Americans in Cleveland, Ohio, before and after New Deal relief agencies?

Answer 7

Fell from 50 percent to 30 percent

Question 8

Who was Robert Weaver and what role did he play in the New Deal?

Answer 8

He was appointed as FDR’s special adviser on the ‘Economic Status of the Negro’.

Question 9

Which department did Harold Ickes lead that aided black Americans?

Answer 9

Public Works Administration (PWA)

Question 10

What did the US Housing Authority introduce for its construction projects?

Answer 10

Racial quotas

Question 11

How many black Americans did the Works Progress Administration employ annually between 1936 and 1940?

Answer 11

350,000

Question 12

What educational contributions did the WPA provide to black Americans?

Answer 12

• Employed over 5,000 black American teachers
• Taught 250,000 black Americans how to read and write

Question 13

What skills training did Mary McLeod Bethune provide?

Answer 13

Skills training for 500,000 young black Americans

Question 14

Which program provided very little aid to poor black American farmers?

Answer 14

Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)

Question 15

Who headed the cotton section of the AAA, prioritizing whites?

Answer 15

Cully Cobb

Question 16

What was the role of Robert Fechner in the CCC?

Answer 16

He was the head and showed discrimination.

Question 17

What was the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)?

Answer 17

A trade union body comprising predominantly blue-collar and unskilled workers.

Question 18

What did the Wagner Act of 1935 provide for trade unions?

Answer 18

Trade union recognition

Question 19

What was the outcome of the National Labor Relations Board’s requirement in 1938?

Answer 19

Partial success for the all-black Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters.

Question 20

Fill in the blank: The New Deal offered black Americans opportunities in the _______.

Answer 20

federal government

Question 21

True or False: The New Deal fully addressed the needs of black American farmers.

Answer 21

False

Question 23

What was the impact of the New Deal on legal racial segregation?

Answer 23

By the end of the New Deal, FDR had done nothing to end legal racial segregation in the Old South or informal racial segregation in other parts of the country.

Question 24

Why did FDR not change legal segregation?

Answer 24

The decision was heavily influenced by the fact that southern whites were an important group within the Democratic Party in Congress, and FDR could not afford to upset them.

Question 25

What influence did southern whites have regarding anti-lynching proposals?

Answer 25

Southern whites had the influence to block anti-lynching proposals.

Question 26

What attempts did black American activists make regarding lynching?

Answer 26

Attempts by black American activists, such as the NAACP and Mary McLeod Bethune, to make lynching a federal offence in 1937 and again in 1940 came to nothing.

Question 27

What was the status of black Americans by the end of the New Deal?

Answer 27

Small advances had been made, but black Americans remained second-class citizens.

Question 29

What was the impact of the New Deal on Native Americans?

Answer 29

The New Deal had limited impact on improving the economic plight of Native Americans, despite some administrative changes. ## Footnote The Indian Reorganisation Act of 1934 aimed to preserve Native American culture and allowed tribes to self-govern, but many tribes rejected it.

Question 30

What was the Indian Reorganisation Act of 1934?

Answer 30

The Indian Reorganisation Act replaced the Dawes Severalty Act and aimed to preserve Native American culture by organizing tribes into self-governing bodies. ## Footnote It allowed tribes to write their own constitutions and have their own legal systems.

Question 31

What was the economic situation of Native Americans by 1934?

Answer 31

By 1934, only one-third of the land given to Native Americans was still in their hands, and the remaining land was often of poor quality. ## Footnote Many Native Americans lived in poverty, with poor living conditions and limited resources.

Question 32

How did the New Deal affect Hispanic Americans?

Answer 32

Hispanic Americans, particularly migrant workers, faced wage cuts and were often excluded from New Deal legislation, worsening their conditions. ## Footnote Many lived in poor, temporary accommodations and faced racial discrimination.

Question 33

What was the role of migrant workers in the 1930s?

Answer 33

Migrant workers, primarily from Mexico, were engaged in agriculture and often lived in poor conditions while working on American farms. ## Footnote They had very few civil rights and were excluded from many labor protections.

Question 34

What was John Collier's vision for Native Americans?

Answer 34

John Collier aimed to enable Native Americans to earn decent livelihoods on their own lands and ultimately eliminate the need for government aid. ## Footnote He emphasized the importance of conserving land and supporting Indian social life.