To What Extent Did Protest And Personal Freedom Change 1963-72

Question 1

What movement focused on the rights of Chicanos?

Answer 1

Chicano movement

The Chicano movement aimed to address issues faced by Mexican Americans, including civil rights, education, and labor rights.

Question 2

What strategy did the United Farm Workers Organization adopt?

Answer 2

A strategy of boycotts

This strategy was aimed at improving conditions for farm workers.

Question 3

Who was a key figure in the Chicano movement that began fasting to protest?

Answer 3

Cesar Chavez

Chavez was known for his leadership in advocating for the rights of farm workers.

Question 4

What was the significance of the Free Speech Movement?

Answer 4

It organized one of the first student demonstrations in 1964

The demonstration at the University of California at Oakland aimed to overturn a ban on political activity on campus.

Question 5

What was the ‘Port Huron Statement’?

Answer 5

A document produced by Tom Hayden in 1962 outlining SDS’s aims

It called for participatory democracy and criticized the dominance of large corporations and the government.

Question 6

What was a major issue fueling student protests in the 1960s?

Answer 6

Opposition to US involvement in the Vietnam War

Many students were inspired by civil rights movements and sought to challenge military policies.

Question 7

What event in January 1968 increased anger and disillusionment with the Vietnam War?

Answer 7

The Tet Offensive

The Tet Offensive was a coordinated attack by communist forces on major cities in South Vietnam.

Question 8

In what year did 500,000 marchers protest against the Vietnam War in New York City’s Central Park?

Answer 8

1967

This was one of the largest protests against the Vietnam War, showcasing widespread opposition.

Question 9

What did many protestors do during anti-Vietnam War demonstrations?

Answer 9

Burnt their draft cards

This act was a form of protest against compulsory military service.

Question 10

What was the role of Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)?

Answer 10

To advocate for participatory democracy and student rights

Founded in 1960, SDS played a significant role in organizing protests and discussions on college campuses.

Question 11

True or False: By 1972, university campuses were primarily focused on academic pursuits rather than political activism.

Answer 11

False

By 1972, campuses were known for being centers of revolution and left-wing activity.

Question 12

What was one of the outcomes of the student protests regarding the Democratic presidential candidate in February 1968?

Answer 12

Many students backed Eugene McCarthy against Johnson

This indicated a shift in political alignment among students during the Vietnam War.

Question 14

What event in 1969 caused outrage among Americans regarding the Vietnam War?

Answer 14

The announcement that US troops had massacred unarmed men, women, and children at the village of My Lai.

This event contributed to the belief that the US would not win the war.

Question 15

What was a significant factor in the anti-Vietnam movement in the USA?

Answer 15

Student protests were an important part of the anti-Vietnam movement.

By February 1968, many Americans believed the US would not win the war and blamed the president.

Question 16

What decision did President Johnson make in March 1968?

Answer 16

He decided not to seek re-election due to rising criticism, even from within his own political party.

Question 17

What year was marked by dramatic student protests across the USA?

Answer 17

1968 was the most dramatic year of student protest.

Question 18

What occurred at the Democratic Party Convention in Chicago in August 1968?

Answer 18

Widespread rioting occurred in the streets outside the convention center.

Question 19

Who sent police to confront the rioters during the Chicago riots?

Answer 19

Richard Daley, the mayor of Chicago, sent in 12,000 police to quell the riot.

Question 20

What happened to the student movement after the Chicago riots?

Answer 20

The student movement fragmented into various groups, including the extremist Weather Underground Organization.

Question 21

What actions did the Weather Underground Organization engage in during 1969 and 1970?

Answer 21

They engaged in a series of bombings of government buildings and universities, resulting in the deaths of innocent people.

Question 22

What did the federal government publish in 1970 regarding campus unrest?

Answer 22

The US President’s Commission on Campus Unrest declared that the unrest was rooted in the new youth culture.

Question 23

What was the significance of the student strike at Columbia University?

Answer 23

It opened a new tactical stage in the resistance movement, evolving from overnight occupations to permanent occupations.

Question 24

What was a key slogan of the counterculture movement in the 1960s?

Answer 24

‘Make Love not War’ was a key slogan of the counterculture movement.

Question 25

Which city became the center of the counterculture movement?

Answer 25

San Francisco, particularly the district of Haight-Ashbury, became the center of the counterculture.

Question 26

What major music festival took place in the summer of 1969?

Answer 26

The Woodstock Music Festival attracted over 40,000 young people and featured notable performers like Joan Baez and Jimi Hendrix.

Question 27

What was the impact of the counterculture on popular music?

Answer 27

It led to a revolution in popular music, with bands like the Rolling Stones and the Doors linked to rebellion and drug-taking.

Question 29

What organization was founded in 1966 focused on women's rights?

Answer 29

National Organization for Women (NOW) ## Footnote Founded to advocate for women's rights and equality.

Question 30

What significant event did SDS organize in 1965?

Answer 30

March on Washington DC ## Footnote A demonstration for civil rights and social justice.

Question 31

What major music festival took place in 1969?

Answer 31

Woodstock Music Festival ## Footnote A pivotal event in music history and counterculture.

Question 32

What event in 1969 marked the beginning of the gay liberation movement?

Answer 32

Stonewall Riots in New York City ## Footnote A series of protests by the LGBTQ+ community against police raids.

Question 33

What was one of the most important developments from 1963 to 1972?

Answer 33

The growth of the women's movement ## Footnote A significant shift in societal roles and rights for women.

Question 34

What television shows suggested that a woman's place was in the home?

Answer 34

Father Knows Best and The Dick Van Dyke Show ## Footnote These shows reflected traditional gender roles of the time.

Question 35

How many women were in regular employment by 1965?

Answer 35

More than 25 million women ## Footnote A significant increase in women's participation in the workforce.

Question 36

What percentage of married women with young children held jobs by 1968?

Answer 36

Almost 40 percent ## Footnote Indicates changing societal norms regarding women's work.

Question 37

What was the employment rate increase for women aged 20 to 24 from 1964 to 1973?

Answer 37

From 50 percent to 61 percent ## Footnote Demonstrates the growing presence of young women in the workforce.

Question 39

What significant change occurred for women in the early 1960s?

Answer 39

The appearance of the contraceptive pill allowed women to plan whether or not to have children.

Question 40

What was the main idea of Betty Friedan's book 'The Feminine Mystique'?

Answer 40

'The Feminine Mystique' argued that middle-class domestic bliss was a 'comfortable concentration camp' and advocated for women to explore alternative lifestyles.

Question 41

What did the 1964 Civil Rights Act achieve for women?

Answer 41

It outlawed discrimination in employment on account of sex, in addition to race and religion.

Question 42

What organization was founded in 1966 to advocate for women's rights?

Answer 42

The National Organization of Women (NOW) was founded by Betty Friedan and 300 feminist activists.

Question 43

What was one of the first cases lodged by NOW with the EEOC?

Answer 43

Air stewardesses claimed their industry was female-only and that job guidelines demanded a particular age, appearance, and weight.

Question 44

What major protest did the Women's Liberation Movement organize in 1968?

Answer 44

They protested against beauty pageants, which they regarded as degrading to women.

Question 45

What did the Education Act of 1972 require from schools and colleges?

Answer 45

Schools and colleges had to eliminate sex discrimination to continue receiving federal funding.

Question 46

What was the Equal Rights Amendment intended to do?

Answer 46

It aimed to enshrine the idea of sexual equality in the US Constitution.

Question 47

What was the outcome of the Equal Rights Amendment?

Answer 47

It failed to gain support from 75 percent of states and was not permanently added to the Constitution.

Question 48

What was the impact of the women's movement by 1972?

Answer 48

Women's organizations had placed women's issues at the center of national debate and influenced major legislative changes.

Question 49

What landmark court case legalized abortion in the USA?

Answer 49

The court case Roe v. Wade legalized abortion.

Question 50

What was the significance of the Redstockings Manifesto?

Answer 50

It called for unity among women and support from men for women's liberation.

Question 51

What was the impact of sexual liberalization in the USA from 1963 to 1972?

Answer 51

There was a rapid change in relations between the sexes and attitudes to sex, leading to a sexual revolution.

Question 52

How did the contraceptive pill affect sexual activity?

Answer 52

By 1965, 6.5 million women were using the Pill, leading to an increase in premarital sexual relations.

Question 53

What trend was observed in divorce rates during the 1960s?

Answer 53

The divorce rate rose almost 10 percent during the 1960s and increased another 82 percent by the 1970s.

Question 55

What was the impact of the Stonewall riots?

Answer 55

The Stonewall riots led directly to the creation of a gay liberation movement inspired by both the civil rights and women's liberation movements.

Question 56

When did the Stonewall riots occur?

Answer 56

The Stonewall riots occurred on 17 June 1969.

Question 57

What was the first male group supporting gay rights?

Answer 57

The first male group supporting gay rights was the Mattachine Society, created in 1950.

Question 58

What was the first lesbian rights group?

Answer 58

The first lesbian rights group was the Daughters of Bilitis, set up in 1955.

Question 59

What significant action did a small group take in 1965?

Answer 59

In 1965, a small group marched in front of the White House to protest the repression of gay people in Cuba and the USA.

Question 60

What did the American Psychiatric Society do in 1973?

Answer 60

The American Psychiatric Society removed homosexuality from its list of mental illnesses in 1973.

Question 61

What was the significance of Harvey Milk?

Answer 61

Harvey Milk was elected as San Francisco's first openly gay elected official in 1977 and was later assassinated because of his sexuality.

Question 62

What was the atmosphere during the Stonewall riots according to Robert Arissel?

Answer 62

There was a strong feeling of gay community and spirit, with an intoxicating sense of release, as crowds grew and chanted 'Power!'.

Question 63

What did the New York Tactical Police face during the Stonewall riots?

Answer 63

The New York Tactical Police faced a guerrilla war from the gay community during the Stonewall riots.

Question 64

What was the status of homosexuality in the USA in 1963?

Answer 64

In 1963, being gay was still illegal in the USA.

Question 65

What happened to thousands of men and women during Eisenhower's presidency?

Answer 65

Thousands were dishonorably discharged from the military if found to be gay due to an executive order issued in 1953.

Question 66

What was the role of gay communities before the 1960s?

Answer 66

Gay communities existed in large cities as underground groups but faced intimidation and violence.

Question 67

What developments occurred in the gay rights movement by 1973?

Answer 67

By 1973, almost 800 gay and lesbian organizations had been formed across the USA, along with the establishment of gay churches, bars, and community centers.