Opposition To 2nd ND?

Question 1

What was a major factor that contributed to the rise of trade union militancy in the 1930s?

Answer 1

The Roosevelt Recession

Question 2

What did FDR order at the beginning of his second term in 1937?

Answer 2

Substantial cuts in federal government spending

Question 3

What action did the Federal Reserve Board take in response to fears of inflation in 1937?

Answer 3

Limited the supply of money in the US economy

Question 4

What significant event occurred on October 19, 1937?

Answer 4

Another stock market crash

Question 5

How many shares were offloaded by investors during the stock market crash of 1937?

Answer 5

17 million shares

Question 6

By what percentage did employment in manufacturing fall during the Roosevelt Recession?

Answer 6

23 percent

Question 7

What was the drop in GNP during the Roosevelt Recession?

Answer 7

13 percent

Question 8

By what percentage did work relief offered by the WPA grow during the Roosevelt Recession?

Answer 8

500 percent

Question 9

In 1936, how many strikes occurred involving how many workers?

Answer 9

Over 2,000 strikes involving 788,000 workers

Question 10

What did the auto workers in Flint, Michigan, do in December 1936?

Answer 10

Occupied the factory owned by the Cleveland Fisher company

Question 11

What was the phenomenon that affected US labor relations in December 1936?

Answer 11

A month-long sit-in by auto workers

Question 12

How many strikes were recorded in 1937, and how many workers were involved?

Answer 12

4,470 strikes involving 1.9 million workers

Question 13

What was the political stance of many union leaders during the mid-1930s?

Answer 13

Socialists or communists

Question 14

What was the name of the presidential candidate for the Communist Party in 1936?

Answer 14

Earl Browder

Question 15

How many votes did the Socialist candidate Norman Thomas receive in the 1936 election?

Answer 15

187,000 votes

Question 16

True or False: The impact of socialists and communists on elections in the 1930s was significant.

Answer 16

False

Question 17

What is a recession?

Answer 17

A period of slowdown in an economy, less severe than an economic depression

Question 18

Fill in the blank: The Roosevelt Recession occurred during the years _______.

Answer 18

1937-38

Question 19

What did socialists and communists seek to replace in the economy?

Answer 19

Private ownership of industry, agriculture, and business

Question 20

What did socialists and communists hope the government would do with the USA’s wealth?

Answer 20

Share it more equally

Question 21

Which economy did communists look to as a model during the 1930s?

Answer 21

The USSR

Question 23

What was the Court Packing Plan?

Answer 23

The Court Packing Plan was FDR’s attempt in 1937 to change the composition of the US Supreme Court by forcing justices to retire at 70 and increasing the number of justices from nine to 15.

This plan aimed to allow FDR to appoint six new justices, transforming the political balance of the Court.

Question 24

What was the outcome of the Court Packing Plan?

Answer 24

The Court Packing Plan was rejected by Congress with a vote of 70 to 20, leading to a decline in FDR’s popularity.

Despite having a Democratic majority in the Senate, the plan faced massive criticism.

Question 25

What significant decision did the US Supreme Court make in March 1937?

Answer 25

In March 1937, the US Supreme Court upheld a minimum wage act from Washington State, marking a shift towards allowing progressive legislation. ## Footnote This was one of the first instances of the Court supporting New Deal legislation.

Question 26

What was upheld by the Supreme Court on April 12, 1937?

Answer 26

On April 12, 1937, the Supreme Court upheld the Wagner Act, a key component of the Second New Deal. ## Footnote The Wagner Act was crucial for labor rights and unionization.

Question 27

What happened to the Supreme Court's opposition to the New Deal after 1937?

Answer 27

After 1937, the US Supreme Court no longer acted as a major opponent of the New Deal, especially after the retirement of conservative justice Willis van Devanter. ## Footnote This allowed FDR to nominate a replacement and regain some influence.

Question 28

What was the Third New Deal?

Answer 28

The Third New Deal, which occurred from 1937 to 1939, lacked the radical changes of the previous two New Deals and was influenced by FDR's loss of support in Congress.