HPP LEC Chap 1 Flashcards by Marinell Condeno

the scientific discipline that investigates the structure of the body

Anatomy

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the study of the body by systems

Systemic Anatomy

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the study of the organization of the body by areas

Regional Anatomy

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the study of external features

Surface Anatomy

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involves the use of x-ray, MRI, and other technologies to create pictures of internal features

Anatomical Imaging

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the scientific discipline that deals with the processes or functions of living things

Physiology

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studies the human organism

Human Physiology

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involves how atoms interact and combine into molecules

Chemical Level

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the basic unit of life

Cells

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looks like compartments and has organelles that have specific functions

Cellular Level

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group of similar cells and the materials surrounding them

Tissue Level

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composed of two or more tissue types that together perform one or more common functions

Organ Level

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a group of organs classified as a unit because of a common function

Organ System Level

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any living thing considered as a whole

Organism Level

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refers to the specific relationship of the many individual parts of an organism

Organization

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the ability to use energy to perform vital functions

Metabolism

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the ability of an organism to sense changes in the environment and make the adjustments that help maintain its life

Responsiveness

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refers to an increase in size of all or part of the organism

Growth

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includes the changes an organism undergoes through time

Development

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change in cell structure and function from generalized to specialized

Differentiation

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the existence and maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body despite fluctuations in the environment

Homeostatis

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measure of body properties that may change in value

Variables

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normal or average value of a variable

Set point

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maintain body temperature near an average normal value

Homeostatic mechanism

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body temperature increases or decreases slightly around the set point

Normal range

the main mechanism used homeostatic regulation

Negative Feedback

deviation away from set point

Detection

reversal of deviation toward set point and normal range

Correction

monitors the value of variable

Receptor

determines the set point for the variable and receives input from the receptor

Control center

can change the value of the variable when directed by the control center

Effector

a changed variable that initiates homeostatic mechanism

Stimulus

occur when the initial stimulus further stimulates the reponse

Positive Feedback

refers to a person standing upright with the face directed forward, the upper limb hanging to the sides, and the palms of the hands facing forward

Anatomical Position

lying face upward

Supine

lying face downward

Prone

used as directional terms in anatomical terminology

Right and Left

used to refer for above or up

Superior

used to refer for below or down

Inferior

used to refer for front

used to refer for back

Posterior

means belly

Ventral

means back

Dorsal

means nearest

Proximal

means distant

Distal

means toward the midline

Medial

means away from the midline

Lateral

refers to a structure close to the surface of the body

Superficial

toward the interior of the body

Deep

head, neck, trunk

Central region

arm, forearm, wrist, hand

Upper limb

thigh, leg, ankle, foot

Lower limb

runs vertically through the body and separates it into right and left parts

Sagittal plane

a sagittal plane that passes through the midline of the body, dividing it into equal halves

Median plane

runs parallel to the surface of the ground, dividing the body intro superior and inferior parts

Transverse plane (horizontal plane)

runs vertically from right to left and divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

Frontal plane (coronal plane)

a cut along the length of the organ

Longitudinal section

cuts completely through an organ

Transverse section (cross section)

a cut that is made diagonally across the long axis

Oblique section

a space between chest wall and diaphragm. Surrounded by the rib cage and is separated from the abdominal cavity

Thoracic cavity

space between lungs. It is divided into right and left parts by a center structure

Mediastinum

space between diaphragm and pelvis. Bounded primarily by the abdominal muscles

Abdominal cavity

space within the pelvis. A small space enclosed by the bones of the pelvis

Pelvic cavity

line the trunk cavities and cover the organs of these cavities

Serous Membrane

covers the organ, or inner membrane

Visceral serous membrane

outer membrane

Parietal serous membrane

fluid-filled space between the membranes

Cavity

surrounds the heart

Pericardial cavity

covers each of the lungs

Pleural cavity

covers many of the organs of the abdominopelvic cavity

Peritoneal cavity

cover the heart

Visceral pericardium

covers the lungs

Visceral pleura

covers the abdominopelvic cavity and its organ

Visceral peritoneum

forms the outer layer of the sac around the heart

Parietal pericardium

the inner surface of the thoracic wall

Parietal pleura

lines the wall of the abdominopelvic cavity and the inferior surface of the diaphragm

Parietal peritoneum

inflammation of the pericardium

Pericarditis

inflammation of the pleura

Pleurisy

inflammation of the peritoneum

Peritonitis

inflammation of the appendix that is usually caused by a bacterial infection

Appendicitis

consist of two layers of peritoneum fused together

Mesenteries

found behind the parietal peritoneum

Retroperitoneal

HPP LEC Chap 1 Flashcards

(82 cards)