HPP LEC Chap 3

Question 1

specialized structure

Answer 1

organelles

Question 2

jelly-like substance that holds the organelles

Answer 2

Cytoplasm

Question 3

the outermost component of a cell

Answer 3

Cell membrane

Question 4

substance outside the cell

Answer 4

Extracellular

Question 5

substance inside the cell

Answer 5

Intracellular

Question 6

Functions of the cell

Answer 6

1. Cell metabolism and energy use
2. Synthesis of molecules
3. Communication
4. Reproduction and inheritance

Question 7

the model used to
describe the cell membrane structure

Answer 7

fluid-mosaic model

Question 8

does not require the cell to expend energy

Answer 8

Passive membrane transport

Question 9

requires the cell to expend energy

Answer 9

Active membrane transport

Question 10

involves movement of substances in a solution down a concentration gradient

Answer 10

Diffusion

Question 11

composed of two major part, solute and solvent

Answer 11

Solution

Question 12

substances dissolved in a predominant liquid or gas

Answer 12

Solute

Question 13

substance that dissolve the solute

Answer 13

solvent

Question 14

the difference in the concentration of a solute in a solvent

Answer 14

Concentration gradient

Question 15

constantly allows ions to pass through

Answer 15

Leak channels

Question 16

limit the movement of ions across the membrane by opening and closing

Answer 16

Gated channels

Question 17

the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Answer 17

Osmosis

Question 18

the force required to prevent movement of water across cell membrane

Answer 18

Osmotic pressure

Question 19

has a lower concentration of solute and a higher concentration of water

Answer 19

Hypotonic

Question 20

has the same solute concentrations inside and outside the cell

Answer 20

Isotonic

Question 21

the solution has a lower solute concentration than the surrounding solution

Answer 21

Hypertonic

Question 22

a carrier-mediated process that moves substances across the cell membrane from regions of lower concentration

Answer 22

Active transport

Question 23

a carrier-mediated transport process that moves substances across the cell membrane from areas of higher concentration

Answer 23

Facilitated diffusion

Question 24

involves the active transport of one substance establishing a concentration gradient

Answer 24

Secondary active transport

Question 25

the diffusing substance moves in the same direction as the initial active transported substance

Answer 25

Contransport

Question 26

the diffusing substance moves in a direction opposite to that of the initial active transported substance

Answer 26

Countertransport

Question 27

a process that brings materials into cell using vesicles

Answer 27

Endocytosis

Question 28

occurs when a specific substance binds to the receptor molecule

Answer 28

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 29

often used for endocytosis when solid particles are ingested

Answer 29

Phagocytosis

Question 30

has much smaller vesicle formed

Answer 30

Pinocytosis

Question 31

involves the use of membrane-bound sacs that accumulate materials for release

Answer 31

Exocytosis

Question 32

large organelle usually located near the center of the cell

Answer 32

Nucleus

Question 33

organelles where proteins are produced

Answer 33

Ribosomes

Question 34

a series of membrane forming sacs and tubules that extend from the outer nuclear membrane into the cytoplasm

Answer 34

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 35

involved in protein synthesis

Answer 35

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 36

has no attached ribosomes and a site for lipid synthesis

Answer 36

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 37

closely packed stacks of curved, membrane-bound sacs

Answer 37

Golgi Apparatus

Question 38

membrane-bound vesicle formed from the golgi apparatus

Answer 38

Lysosomes

Question 39

small, membrane-bound vesicle containing enzymes

Answer 39

Perixosomes

Question 40

responsible for producing considerable amount of ATP

Answer 40

Mitochondria

Question 41

internal framework to the cell

Answer 41

Cytoskeleton

Question 42

hollow structures formed from the protein subunits

Answer 42

Microtubules

Question 43

small fibrils formed from protein subunits

Answer 43

Microfilaments

Question 44

fibrils formed from subunits that are smaller in diameter

Answer 44

Intermediate filament

Question 45

a specialized area of cytoplasm close to the nucleus where microtubule formation occur

Answer 45

Centrioles

Question 46

project from the surface of certain cells

Answer 46

Cilia

Question 47

similar to cilia but are much longer, usually occur only one per cell

Answer 47

Flagella

Question 48

specialized extensions of the cell membrane that are supported by microfilament

Answer 48

Microvilli

Question 49

contains the information that directs protein synthesis

Answer 49

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 50

DNA contains the information that directs protein synthesis

Answer 50

Gene expression

Question 51

a sequence of nucleotides that provides a chemical set of instruction

Answer 51

Gene

Question 52

involves copying DNA into messenger RNA

Answer 52

Transcription

Question 53

involves messenger RNA being used to produce a protein

Answer 53

Translation

Question 54

the formation of daughter cells from a single parent cell

Answer 54

Mitosis

Question 55

nondividing phase

Answer 55

interphase

Question 56

dividing phase

Answer 56

mitosis

Question 57

the chromatin condenses to form visible chromosomes

Answer 57

Prophase

Question 58

the chromosomes align near the center of the cell

Answer 58

Metaphase

Question 59

the chromatids separate

Answer 59

Anaphase

Question 60

the chromosomes in each of the daughter cells become organized to form two separate nuclei

Answer 60

Telophase

Question 61

the process by which cells develop with specialized structures and functions

Answer 61

Differentiation

Question 62

a normal process by which cell numbers within various tissues are adjusted and controlled

Answer 62

Apoptosis

Question 63

various causes for cellular aging

Answer 63

1. existence of a cellular clock 2. Presence of death genes 3. DNA damage 4. Formation of free radicals 5. Mitochondrial damage

Question 64

abnormal proliferations of cells

Answer 64

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