HPP LEC CHAP 8

Question 1

Nervous System Functions

Answer 1

1. Receiving sensory input
2. Integrating information
3. Controlling muscles and glands
4. Maintaining homeostasis
5. Establishing and maintaining mental activity

Question 2

brain and spinal cord

Answer 2

Central nervous system

Question 3

All the nervous tissue outside the CNS

Answer 3

Peripheral nervous system

Question 4

Conducts action potentials from sensory receptors
to the CNS

Answer 4

Sensory division

Question 5

Conducts action potentials to effector organs, such
as muscles and glands

Answer 5

Motor division

Question 6

Transmits action potentials from the CNS to skeletal
muscles.

Answer 6

Somatic nervous system

Question 7

Transmits action potentials from the CNS to cardiac
muscle, smooth muscle, and glands

Answer 7

Autonomic nervous system

Question 8

A special nervous system found only in the digestive
tract.

Answer 8

Enteric nervous system

Question 9

receive stimuli, conduct action potentials, and
transmit signals to other neurons or effector organs.

Answer 9

Neurons

Question 10

supportive cells of the CNS and PNS, meaning these
cells do not conduct action potentials.

Answer 10

Glial cells

Question 11

contains a single nucleus

Answer 11

Cell body

Question 12

which is a cytoplasmic extension from
the cell body, that usually receives information from
other neurons and transmits the information to the
cell body

Answer 12

Dendrite

Question 13

which is a single long cell process that leaves
the cell body at the axon hillock and conducts
sensory signals to the CNS and motor signals away
from the CNS

Answer 13

Axon

Question 14

have many dendrites and a
single axon.

Answer 14

Multipolar neurons

Question 15

have two processes: one
dendrite and one axon.

Answer 15

Bipolar neurons

Question 16

have a single process
extending from the cell body, which divides into
two processes as short distance from the cell
body.

Answer 16

Pseudo-unipolar neurons`

Question 17

serve as the major supporting cells in
the CNS.

Answer 17

Astrocytes

Question 18

Astrocytes can stimulate or inhibit the signaling
activity of nearby neurons and form?

Answer 18

blood-
brain barrier.

Question 19

line the cavities in the brain
that contains cerebrospinal fluid.

Answer 19

Ependymal cells

Question 20

act in an immune function in the
CNS by removing bacteria and cell debris.

Answer 20

Microglial cells

Question 21

provide myelin to neurons in
the CNS.

Answer 21

Oligodendrocytes

Question 22

provide myelin to neurons in the
PNS.

Answer 22

Schwann cells

Question 23

are specialized layers that wrap
around the axons of some neurons, those
neurons are termed, myelinated.

Answer 23

Myelin sheaths

Question 24

Gaps in the myelin sheath

Answer 24

nodes of
Ranvier

Question 25

lack the myelin sheaths.

Answer 25

Unmyelinated axons

Question 26

consists of groups of neuron cell bodies and their dendrites, where there is very little myelin.

Answer 26

Gray matter

Question 27

consists of bundles of parallel axons with their myelin sheaths, which are whitish in color.

Answer 27

White matter

Question 28

Nervous tissue exists as?

Answer 28

gray matter and white matter.

Question 29

what potentials occur in neurons

Answer 29

Resting membrane potentials and action potentials

Question 30

always open

Answer 30

Leak channels

Question 31

generally closed, but can be opened due to voltage or chemicals.

Answer 31

gated channels

Question 32

compensates for the constant leakage of ions through leak channels.

Answer 32

sodium-potassium pump

Question 33

conducted slowly in unmyelinated axons and more rapidly in myelinated axons.

Answer 33

Action potentials

Question 34

What do you call the type of action potential conduction

Answer 34

saltatory conduction

Question 35

lightly myelinated axons, characteristic of autonomic neurons, conduct action potentials at the rate of about 3 to 15 meters per second

Answer 35

Medium-diameter

Question 36

heavily myelinated axons conduct action potentials at the rate of 15 to 120 m/s.

Answer 36

Large-diameter

Question 37

breaks down the acetylcholine

Answer 37

acetylcholinesterase

Question 38

is either actively transported back into the presynaptic terminal or broken down by enzymes.

Answer 38

Norepinephrine

Question 39

is a simple pathway in which two or more neurons synapse with the same postsynaptic neuron.

Answer 39

converging pathway

Question 40

is a simple pathway in which an axon from one neuron divides and synapses with more than one other postsynaptic neuron.

Answer 40

diverging pathway