Hypersensitivity

Question 1

an excessive or aberrant immune response to any type of stimulus.

Answer 1

Hypersensitivity

Question 2

The most severe hypersensitive reaction is

Answer 2

Anaphylaxis

Question 3

An unanticipated severe allergic reaction that is rapid in onset. Characterized by edema in many tissues.

Answer 3

Anaphylactic (Type 1) Hypersensitivity

Question 4

occurs when antibodies are directed against antigens on cells or basement membranes of tissues.

Answer 4

Cytotoxic (Type II) Hypersensitivity

Question 5

This reaction can lead to cell lysis and tissue damage.

Answer 5

Cytotoxic (Type II) Hypersensitivity

Question 6

What is the best example for Cytotoxic (Type II) Hypersensitivity?

Answer 6

Hemolytic Transfusion reaction.

Question 7

is a damaging inflammatory reaction caused by the insoluble immune complexes formed by antigens that bind to antibodies.

Answer 7

Immune Complex (Type III) Hypersensitivity

Question 8

is a T cell-mediated immune reaction after exposure to an antigen. This immune reaction typically occurs 24 to 48 hours after exposure to an antigen.

Answer 8

Delayed (Type IV) Hypersensitivity

Question 9

the antibody typically responsible for allergic reaction belongs to the

Answer 9

IgE isotype

Question 10

When there is doubt about the validity of the skin tests,

Answer 10

serum-specific IgE test or a provocative challenge test may be performed.

Question 11

The methods of skin testing include

Answer 11

*prick skin tests
*scratch tests
*intradermal skin testing

Question 12

it is the most suitable area of the body for skin testing

Answer 12

The back area

Question 13

is an automated test performed on blood samples by a pathology laboratory.

Answer 13

Serum-specific IgE Test

Question 14

The serum-specific Ige Test is formerly known as

Answer 14

RAST

Question 15

What is RAST?

Answer 15

Radioallergosorbent Test (RAST)

Question 16

Immunoglobulins are grouped into five classes

Answer 16

*IgG
*IgA
*IgM
*IgD
*IgE

Question 17

IgE-producing cells are located in the

Answer 17

respiratory and intestinal mucosa

Question 18

refers to IgE-mediated diseases, such as allergic rhinitis

Answer 18

Atopy

Question 19

are programmed to produce one specific antibody.

Answer 19

B Cells

Question 20

what are the Primary Chemical Mediators in allergic responses?

Answer 20

*Histamine
*Eosinophil Chemotactic Factor of Anaphylaxis
*Platelet-Activating Factor
*Prostaglandins

Question 21

What are the Secondary chemical mediators in allergic responses?

Answer 21

*Leukotrienes
*bradykinins
*serotonin

Question 22

is released by mast cells. It is the first chemical mediator to be released in immune and inflammatory responses.

Answer 22

Histamine

Question 23

affects the movement of eosinophils to the site of allergens. It is performed in the mast cells and is released from disrupted mast cells.

Answer 23

Eosinophil Chemotactic Factor of Anaphylaxis

Question 24

is responsible for initiating platelet aggregation and leukocyte infiltration at sites of immediate hypersensitivity reaction.

Answer 24

Platelet-Activating Factor

Question 25

produce smooth muscle contraction as well as vasodilation and increased capillary permeability.

Answer 25

Prostaglandins

Question 26

they sensitize pain receptors and increase the pain associated with inflammation.

Answer 26

Prostaglandins

Question 27

Interpretation of reactions, wheal soft with minimal erythema.

Answer 27

Negative Reactions

Question 28

Interpretation of reactions, wheal present (5 to 8mm) with associated erythema.

Answer 28

1+

Question 29

Interpretation of reactions, wheal (7 to 10mm) with associated erythema.

Answer 29

2+

Question 30

Interpretation of reactions, wheal (9 to 10mm), slight pseudopodia possible with associated erythema

Answer 30

3+

Question 31

wheal (12 mm+) with pseudopodia and diffuse erythema.

Answer 31

4+

Question 32

Corticosteroids and antihistamines, suppress skin test reactivity and should be stopped how many hours before testing?

Answer 32

48 to 96 hours